Analisis Rasio untuk Pengukuran Kinerja Keuangan dan Evaluasi Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah (Studi Kasus Pemerintah Kota Jayapura)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan Pemerintah Kota Jayapura pada tahun 2011 s/d 2017 untuk mengevaluasi kinerja keuangan Pemerintah Kota Jayapura yang dapat menjadi evaluasi untuk meningkatkan kinerja keuangan Pemerintah Kota Jayapura.Berdasarkan hasil Analisis ratio keuangan diperoleh Kontribusi PAD terhadap Penerimaan daerah Kota Jayapura menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kontribusi PAD rata-rata ratio derajat desentralisasi dari tahun 2011s/d 2017 adalah sebesar 11,56 persen. Namun masih dalam kategori rendah sekali. Rasio ketergantungan Pemerintah Kota Jayapura terhadap Pemerintah Pusat semakin menurun tetapi masih dalam kategori tinggi karena masih dominannya pendapatan transfer pusat dalam pendapatan daerah . Rasio kemandirian daerah maka menunjukkan bahwa rasio kemandirian masih rendah sekali dan perlu ada upaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Jayapura untuk meningkatkan kemandiriannya terhadap penerimaan transfer pusat..Rasio Efektifitas menunjukkan realisasi PAD Kota Jayapura pada tahun 2011 s/d 2017 menunjukkan hasil sangat efektif karena pencapaian realisasi PAD diatas target yang ditetapkan. Rasio efisiensi pemerintah Kota Jayapura masuk dalam kriteria Efisien karena perbandingan antara biaya pemungutan PAD dan realisasi penerimaan PAD tahun 2011 s/d 2017 sebesar 3,21 persen yang masuk dalam kategori Efisien. Kontribusi yang diperoleh dari penerimaan BUMD masih tergolong kecil terhadap Total Penerimaan daerah. Penelitian ini diharapkan Sebagai bahan evaluasi kinerja keuangan bagi Pemerintah Kota Jayapura untuk terus meningkatkan kinerja keuangannya antara lain mengurangi ketergantungan pada transfer pusat dan meningkatkan kemandirian daerah terhadap pemerintah pusat

Discriminating Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Monocrotaline Toxicity from Chronic Hypoxia by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Methods of Analysis

A new method has been developed for the determination of tissue pathology caused by chronic hypoxia and monocrotaline toxicity. The method is based on the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometry to measure spectra of lung tissue from normal chronic hypoxia (CH) and monocrotaline (MCT) models of pulmonary hypertension (PH), followed by analysis using multivariate methods, that is, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). Synergistic use of NIR with the PCA/PLS method makes it possible, for the first time, not only to divide different lung tissue samples into their respective groups (normal, CH, and MCT) but also to gain insight into mechanisms of PH caused by CH and MCT toxicity. Specifically, MCT metabolites and other hypertensive conditions are known to produce subtle and minor chemical changes in the compositions of tissue (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids). Although these changes were detected by the NIR technique, they were too small to be discerned through visual inspection of the spectra. However, they can be accurately classified and properly assigned by the PCA/PLS method. The fact that different tissue types can be accurately divided into their corresponding groups by the NIR and PCA/PLS methods suggests that chemical alterations and mechanisms of pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH induced by MCT are different from those induced by CH

On the rigidity of a hard sphere glass near random close packing

We study theoretically and numerically the microscopic cause of the mechanical stability of hard sphere glasses near their maximum packing. We show that, after coarse-graining over time, the hard sphere interaction can be described by an effective potential which is exactly logarithmic at the random close packing $\phi_c$. This allows to define normal modes, and to apply recent results valid for elastic networks: mechanical stability is a non-local property of the packing geometry, and is characterized by some length scale $l^*$ which diverges at $\phi_c$ [1, 2]. We compute the scaling of the bulk and shear moduli near $\phi_c$, and speculate on the possible implications of these results for the glass transition.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Figure 4 had a wrong unit in abscissa, which was correcte

Heterogeneous Dynamics, Marginal Stability and Soft Modes in Hard Sphere Glasses

In a recent publication we established an analogy between the free energy of a hard sphere system and the energy of an elastic network [1]. This result enables one to study the free energy landscape of hard spheres, in particular to define normal modes. In this Letter we use these tools to analyze the activated transitions between meta-bassins, both in the aging regime deep in the glass phase and near the glass transition. We observe numerically that structural relaxation occurs mostly along a very small number of nearly-unstable extended modes. This number decays for denser packing and is significantly lowered as the system undergoes the glass transition. This observation supports that structural relaxation and marginal modes share common properties. In particular theoretical results [2, 3] show that these modes extend at least on some length scale $l^*\sim (\phi_c-\phi)^{-1/2}$ where $\phi_c$ corresponds to the maximum packing fraction, i.e. the jamming transition. This prediction is consistent with very recent numerical observations of sheared systems near the jamming threshold [4], where a similar exponent is found, and with the commonly observed growth of the rearranging regions with compression near the glass transition.Comment: 6 pages, improved versio

Dynamic heterogeneities in attractive colloids

We study the formation of a colloidal gel by means of Molecular Dynamics simulations of a model for colloidal suspensions. A slowing down with gel-like features is observed at low temperatures and low volume fractions, due to the formation of persistent structures. We show that at low volume fraction the dynamic susceptibility, which describes dynamic heterogeneities, exhibits a large plateau, dominated by clusters of long living bonds. At higher volume fraction, where the effect of the crowding of the particles starts to be present, it crosses over towards a regime characterized by a peak. We introduce a suitable mean cluster size of clusters of monomers connected by "persistent" bonds which well describes the dynamic susceptibility.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Evaluating the contribution of APOBEC3G haplotypes, on influencing HIV infection in a Zimbabwean paediatric population

Background. Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide like-3G (APOBEC3G) is an antiviral enzyme that reduces viral fitness by introducing uracil to thymidine hypermutations in viral genomes. Thus, polymorphisms in the APOBEC3G gene have been implicated in differential outcomes of HIV infection and disease progression. However, there is insufficient evidence on the role of APOBEC3G gene variants on HIV infection, especially in African populations. This study therefore describes polymorphisms in the APOBEC3G gene in a Zimbabwean paediatric population and evaluates their effects on susceptibility to HIV infection among children born to HIV-infected mothers. Methods. A total of 104 children aged between 7 and 9 years, comprising 68 perinatally exposed to HIV (32 born infected (EI) and 36 born uninfected (EU)) and 36 unexposed and uninfected (UEUI) controls were recruited. Allelic variants (n=5) in the APOBEC3G gene were characterised. Results. Frequencies for minor APOBEC3G alleles in the HIV-uninfected groups (EU and UEUI) were c.557G (40%), g.-90C (32%), g.-571C (12%), c.467-85C (42%), and c.582-162G (6%). APOBEC3G c.467-85C frequency was statistically significantly different when compared to the Masai of Kinyawa, Kenya population (42% v. 18%). None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms individually or as part of haplotypes were significantly associated with HIV infection when comparing the EI and EU groups. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that APOBEC3G polymorphisms alone may not have significant predictive power for inferring genetic susceptibility to vertical transmission of HIV in children perinatally exposed to HIV

Non-equilibrium dynamics of spin facilitated glass models

We consider the dynamics of spin facilitated models of glasses in the non-equilibrium aging regime following a sudden quench from high to low temperatures. We briefly review known results obtained for the broad class of kinetically constrained models, and then present new results for the behaviour of the one-spin facilitated Fredrickson-Andersen and East models in various spatial dimensions. The time evolution of one-time quantities, such as the energy density, and the detailed properties of two-time correlation and response functions are studied using a combination of theoretical approaches, including exact mappings of master operators and reductions to integrable quantum spin chains, field theory and renormalization group, and independent interval and timescale separation methods. The resulting analytical predictions are confirmed by means of detailed numerical simulations. The models we consider are characterized by trivial static properties, with no finite temperature singularities, but they nevertheless display a surprising variety of dynamic behaviour during aging, which can be directly related to the existence and growth in time of dynamic lengthscales. Well-behaved fluctuation-dissipation ratios can be defined for these models, and we study their properties in detail. We confirm in particular the existence of negative fluctuation-dissipation ratios for a large number of observables. Our results suggest that well-defined violations of fluctuation-dissipation relations, of a purely dynamic origin and unrelated to the thermodynamic concept of effective temperatures, could in general be present in non-equilibrium glassy materials.Comment: 72 pages, invited contribution to special issue of JSTAT on "Principles of Dynamics of Nonequilibrium Systems" (Programme at Newton Institute Cambridge). v2: New data added to Figs. 11, 23, 24, new Fig. 26 on East model in d=3, minor improvements to tex

Sweet basil functional quality as shaped by genotype and macronutrient concentration reciprocal action

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is among the most widespread aromatic plants due to its versatility of use and its beneficial health properties. This aromatic plant thrives in hydroponics, which is a valid tool to improve the production and functional quality of crops, but nevertheless, it offers the possibility to de-seasonalize production. A floating raft system was adopted to test the production and quality potential during autumn season of three different genotypes of Genovese basil (Aroma 2, Eleonora and Italiano Classico) grown in three nutrient solutions with crescent electrical conductivity (EC: 1, 2 and 3 dS m−1). The aromatic and phenolic profiles were determined by GC/MS and HPLC analysis, respectively. The combination Aroma 2 and the EC 2 dS m−1 resulted in the highest production, both in terms of fresh weight and dry biomass. The 2 dS m−1 treatment determined the major phenolic content, 44%, compared to the other two EC. Italiano Classico showed a higher total polyphenolic content in addition to a different aromatic profile compared to the other cultivars, characterized by a higher percentage of Eucalyptol (+37%) and Eugenol (+107%) and a lower percentage of linalool (−44%). Correct management of the nutritional solution combined with adequate genetic material managed an improvement in the production and the obtainment of the desired aromatic and phenolic profiles

Feasibility and yield of screening for diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients in Harare, Zimbabwe.

SETTING: A resource-limited urban setting in Zimbabwe with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). OBJECTIVES: To determine the feasibility and yield of diabetes mellitus (DM) screening among TB patients in primary health care facilities. DESIGN: A descriptive study. RESULTS: Of the 1617 TB patients registered at 10 pilot facilities, close to two thirds (60%) were male and 798 (49%) were bacteriologically confirmed. The median age was 37 years; two thirds (67%) were co-infected with HIV. A total of 1305 (89%) were screened for DM, and 111 (8.5%, 95% CI 7.0-10.2) were newly diagnosed with DM. Low TB notifying sites were more likely than high TB notifying sites to screen patients using random blood glucose (RBG) (83% vs. 79%; P < 0.04). Screening increased gradually per quarter over the study period. There were, however, notable losses along the screening cascade, the reasons for which will need to be explored in future studies. CONCLUSION: The study findings indicate the feasibility of DM screening among TB patients, with considerable yield of persons newly diagnosed with DM. Scaling up of this intervention will need to address the observed losses along the screening cascade

A comparison of HIV outpatient care in primary and secondary healthcare-level settings in Zimbabwe.

SETTING: Decentralisation of HIV care to nurse-led primary care services is being implemented across low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: To compare services offered to clients attending for HIV care at a physician-led and a nurse-led service in Harare, Zimbabwe. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed at Harare Central Hospital (HCH) and Budiriro Primary Care Clinic (PCC) from June to August 2018. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographics, HIV treatment and clinical history from clients attending for routine HIV care. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to evaluate for differences between groups for continuous variables. For categorical variables, the χ2 test was used. RESULTS: The median age of the 404 participants recruited was 38 years (IQR 28-47); 69% were female. Viral suppression was comparable between sites (HCH, 70% vs. PCC, 80%; P = 0.07); however, screening for comorbidities such as cervical cancer screening (HCH, 61% vs. PCC, 41%; P = 0.001) and provision of referral services (HCH, 23% vs. PCC, 13%; P = 0.01) differed between sites. CONCLUSION: Efforts to improve service provision in primary care settings are needed to ensure equity for users of health services