Jeunesse, violence et territoires au Brésil et en France

Si la condition d’indétermination sociale la caractérise, « la jeunesse n’est qu’un mot » écrivait Pierre Bourdieu, les transformations de la condition juvénile, et plus particulièrement celle des milieux populaires gagne à s'analyser en prenant en compte les transformations majeures des sociétés contemporaines (structures familiales, systèmes scolaires, marchés du travail). Nos sociétés oscillent souvent entre deux images de la jeunesse : l’une, plutôt sombre, qui se réfère à une jeunesse à ..

Highly tunable heterogeneously integrated III-V on silicon sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector lasers operating in the O-band

International audienceWe report on the design, fabrication and performance of the first hetero-integrated III-V on silicon sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector lasers (SGDBR) operating in the O-band and based on direct bonding and adiabatic coupling. Two devices with different geometric parameters are presented both showing an output power in the Si waveguide as high as 7.5 mW and a continuous tuning range of 27 and 35 nm respectively with a side mode suppression ration higher than 35 dB

Evaluation économique des services rendus par les zones humides - Enseignements méthodologiques de monétarisation

The CGDD started appraising services provided by wetlands, first in 2009 through a literature review of existing studies in France and abroad, and then in 2010 through conducting a study on the economic value of services provided by wetlands in the Regional Natural Park of Cotentin and Bessin. The findings of the study are presented in extenso in this publication. A development of the issue of the complementarity of the methods of monetization are published in the Etudes & Documents n°50. Unlike previous studies, this new one took into account all the services provided by wetlands and combined all the existing methods of monetization to retain the more relevant value for each service. The total economic value of services provided by these wetlands has been thus appraised in the range of 2,400 to 4,400 per hectare. These results are on average twice higher than the figures recorded by the 2009 study. The values of each service provided by wetlands can be used as references and integrated into cost-benefit analyses.Le CGDD a cherché à évaluer les services rendus par les zones humides, tout d’abord en 2009 au travers d’un examen bibliographique des études existantes en France et à l’étranger, puis en 2010 au travers d’une étude sur la valeur économique des services rendus par les zones humides du Parc Naturel Régional des marais du Cotentin et du Bessin. Les conclusions de cette étude sont présentées in extenso dans le présent document. Un approfondissement de la question de la complémentarité des méthodes de monétarisation est publié dans Etudes&Documents n°50. A la différence des travaux précédents, cette nouvelle étude a permis d’une part de prendre en compte l’ensemble des services rendus par les zones humides et, d’autre part, de conjuguer l’ensemble des méthodes de monétarisation existantes afin de retenir pour chaque service la plus pertinente. Ainsi, la valeur économique totale des services rendus par ces zones humides s’établit dans une fourchette de 2 400 à 4 400 euros par hectare. Ces résultats sont en moyenne deux fois supérieurs aux chiffres recensés par l’étude réalisée en 2009. Les valeurs propres à chaque service rendu par les zones humides pourront servir de références et être intégrées dans des analyses coûts-bénéfices

O-Band III–V-on-Amorphous-Silicon Lasers Integrated With a Surface Grating Coupler

International audienceIn this letter, we report on the design, fabrication, and performance of a hetero-integrated III-V/silicon distributed-feedback (DFB) laser in the O-band, with improved integration compatibility with the existing silicon photonics platforms. This structure uses amorphous silicon deposited at a low temperature (350 °C) to efficiently couple light from the III-V region into a thin silicon-on-insulator waveguide, without disrupting other existing silicon components. Continuous-wave regime is achieved at 25 °C, while lasing threshold and maximum output power in the waveguides are 50 mA and 33.6 mW, respectively. The maximum power coupled into a single-mode fiber at one end of the DFB is up to 4.7 mW

High-Contrast Gratings for Long-Wavelength Laser Integration on Silicon

1 - 6 February 2014International audienceno abstrac

Co-integrated 1.3µm hybrid III-V/silicon tunable laser and silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator operating at 25Gb/s

International audienceIn this paper, the 200mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform is used to demonstrate the monolithic co-integration of hybrid III-V/silicon distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) tunable lasers and silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs), to achieve fully integrated hybrid transmitters for silicon photonics. The design of each active component, as well as the fabrication process steps of the whole architecture are described in detail. A data transmission rate up to 25Gb/s has been reached for transmitters using MZMs with active lengths of 2mm and 4mm. Extinction ratios of respectively 2.9dB and 4.7dB are obtained by applying drive voltages of 2.5V peak-to-peak on the MZMs. 25Gb/s data transmission is demonstrated at 1303.5nm and 1315.8nm, with the possibility to tune the operating wavelength by up to 8.5nm in each case, by using metallic heaters above the laser Bragg reflectors

Monolithic integration of hybrid III-V/Si lasers and Si-based modulators for data transmission up to 25Gbps

International audienc

Severe Neurological Involvement in an Adult with Shiga Toxin-Producing -Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Treated with Eculizumab.

A 68-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension was admitted to the emergency department for diffuse abdominal pain preceded by bloody diarrhea. Upon admission, neurological examination was normal, but he suddenly developed a left-sided hemiparesis. After a normal brain computed tomography, intravenous thrombolysis was administered for a suspicion of ischemic stroke. In the first laboratory investigations, hemoglobin was 16.9 g/dL, platelets 121 × 10/L (150-450), and serum creatinine 1.17 mg/dL. By the second hospital day, the platelet level dropped to 79 × 10/L, with haptoglobin at 0.12 g/L, 3% schistocytes, and normal ADAMTS13 activity (57%). Serum creatinine increased to 1.84 mg/dL with oliguria. The suspicion of thrombotic microangiopathy was supported by the identification of Shiga toxin genes 1 and 2 on a rectal swab and the isolation of an A-negative Shiga toxin-producing O113:H4. The patient presented a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and orotracheal intubation was required for decreased consciousness. Plasma exchange therapy was started, and eculizumab was given 6 days after symptoms onset. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 13 showed symmetric hyperintensities within basal ganglia that disappeared on a second MRI on day 37. At 2-month follow-up, the patient had made a complete neurological and renal recovery and eculizumab therapy was stopped

Genomic relatedness of a canine Lactococcus garvieae to human, animal and environmental isolates

Lactococcus (L.) garvieae is a zoonotic fish pathogen that can also cause bacteraemia and endocarditis in humans and has been isolated from healthy or diseased domestic animals. Nevertheless L. garvieae is more an opportunistic, than a primary pathogen since most affected humans have predisposing conditions and comorbidities. L. garvieae is also present in other animal species, most frequently cattle, but also sheep, goats, water buffaloes, and pigs, and much more rarely dogs, cats, horses, camel, turtle, snake and crocodile. The purpose of this study was to genomically (i) confirm the identification by MALDI-TOF MS® of a L. garvieae from the nasal discharge of a dog with chronic respiratory disorders and (ii) compare this canine isolate with human and animal L. garvieae isolates. According to the BLAST analysis after Whole Genome Sequencing, this canine isolate was more than 99% identical to 3 L. garvieae and belonged to a new Multi-Locus Sequence Type (ST45). MLST and whole genomes-based phylogenetic analysis were performed on the canine isolate and the 40 genomes available in Genbank. The canine L. garvieae was most closely related to an Australian camel and an Indian fish L. garvieae and more distantly to human L. garvieae. Twenty-five of the 29 putative virulence-associated genes searched for were detected, but not the 16 capsule-encoding genes. The heterogeneity of the L. garvieae species is reflected by the diversity of the MLSTypes and virulotypes identified and by the phylogenetic analysis