THE REORGANIZATION OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM DURING AGEING: INFLUENCE OF REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Senescence is accompanied by various changes affecting the neuromuscular system that contribute to the decline in functional performances observed in elderly individuals. In addition to a profound remodelling of the neuromuscular system, several mechanisms located at both muscular and neural levels contribute to this lost of performances. Hopefully, regular physical activity may counteract or reverse some of the alterations encountered in old age. The purpose of this keynote lecture is to give an overview of the main age-related changes of the neuromuscular system and to evoke the potential influence of regular physical activity in limiting these alterations

Maximal discharge rate of motor units determines the maximal rate of force development during ballistic contractions in human

Journal ArticleSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

New Mathematical approaches in Electrocardiography Imaging inverse problem

International audienceImprove ECGI inverse problem reconstruction Introduce new mathematical approches to the field of the ECGI inverse problem Compare the performance of the new mathematical approaches to the state-of-the-art methods, mainly the MFS method used in commercial devices. In silico validation of the new approches. Assessment of some simplification hypothesis: Torso inhomogeneity Propose some uncertainty quantification apronches to deal with measurements errors Context and objectives Optimal control approach Mathematical model In silico gold standard Results Torso Heterogeneity effect Conclusions Forward model If we know the heart potential we can compute the electrical potential Inverse problem If we know the electrical potential and the current density at the outer boundary of the torso and we look for the electrical potential at the heart surface Computational heart and torso anatomical models + electrodes position Computational torso meshes: 250 nodes mesh (blue). More accurate FE mesh with 6400 nodes (green) Remarks Introducing the torso heterogeneity is natural with FEM. also anisotropy could be introduced The error is more important in the left ventricle Main results and perspectives New mathematical approches for solving the inverse problem in electrocardiography imaging based on optimal control Over all the 20 cases used in this study the optimal control method performs better than the MFS both in terms of relative error and correlation coefficient: Acknowledgment: This work was partially supported by an ANR grant part of "Investissements d'Avenir" program with reference ANR-10-IAHU-04. It is also supported by the LIRIMA international lab thought the EPICARD tea

Translating the genomics revolution: the need for an international gene therapy consortium for monogenic diseases

Letter to the Edito

Genome-wide association analyses identify new Brugada syndrome risk loci and highlight a new mechanism of sodium channel regulation in disease susceptibility.

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a cardiac arrhythmia disorder associated with sudden death in young adults. With the exception of SCN5A, encoding the cardiac sodium channel Na1.5, susceptibility genes remain largely unknown. Here we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis comprising 2,820 unrelated cases with BrS and 10,001 controls, and identified 21 association signals at 12 loci (10 new). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-heritability estimates indicate a strong polygenic influence. Polygenic risk score analyses based on the 21 susceptibility variants demonstrate varying cumulative contribution of common risk alleles among different patient subgroups, as well as genetic associations with cardiac electrical traits and disorders in the general population. The predominance of cardiac transcription factor loci indicates that transcriptional regulation is a key feature of BrS pathogenesis. Furthermore, functional studies conducted on MAPRE2, encoding the microtubule plus-end binding protein EB2, point to microtubule-related trafficking effects on Na1.5 expression as a new underlying molecular mechanism. Taken together, these findings broaden our understanding of the genetic architecture of BrS and provide new insights into its molecular underpinnings