A short Ayurvedic review on morphology based nomenclature of plants from Nighantus

In Ayurveda Samhita’s and Nighantu’s, knowledge about so many herbs are documented in a very systematic and scientific manner. For proper identification of a particular plant, so many synonyms are given which indicate all the silent features of plants. This multinomial nomenclature methodology shows the intellectual power of our ancestors as each name describes a particular feature of plant. In Dravyaguna Vigyan there is a major importance of identification of plants because until and unless we are unable to identify plant properly, further studies cannot be carried out. So with the help of synonyms assigned to plants based on their morphological characters, identification can be done at first step

Study of Modeling Approach for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Riser Reactor Using Pseudo Component Reaction Kinetics

Fluid catalytic cracking modeling and simulation are based upon different kinetic modeling .The kinetic models are classified on the basis of chemical entities. The entities are ?lumps? based on boiling point , chemical type and structured oriented lumping . Boiling point based lump models are easy to simulate because they have less complexity and required least amount of data, where as chemical type and structured based modeling require detail analysis of feed and data to calibrate the kinetic parameters. Pseducomponents based modeling approach for the kinetic parameter estimation, eliminates the need for determining a large number of rate constant required in conventional lumped models. Kinetic model play a important role in effective simulation of fluid catalytic cracking Most of the experimental works are limited to micro activity test (MAT) reactor. Due to poorly defined reaction mechanism, scale up from laboratory result to industrial scale is not possible. Major drawback lies in the single-event reaction mechanism being used for modeling/analysis of FCC kinetics. By using a new concept of pseudo-kinetic reaction mechanism better predictability of yield can be obtained if proper hydrodynamic model is used

A Comparative Pharmaco-Clinical Study of Arjuna and Manjishtha w.s.r. to Vyanga

In Ayurveda Vyanga is a disease which is firstly described by Acharya Sushruta under Kshudra Roga. According to Acharya Sushruta Krodha and Shoka are responsible for development of Vyanga, as these psychological factors vitiate Pitta and Vata Dosha which then travel and get localized on facial skin and leads to development of Nirujam, Tanu Shyava Varna Mandala. Ayurveda is very effective in treating skin disorders and skin is also mentioned as a route of drug administration in terms of Bahiparimarajan Chikitsa. Acharya Sharangdhara has mentioned various Lepa formulations for various skin diseases; among them he has quoted Arjuna Twak Churna and Manjishtha Churna for treatment of Vyanga. It is easy to understand about Manjishtha because it is a very well known established Varnya drug, but regarding Arjuna it was very much important to trail it clinically as it is an established drug for heart. From Dravyaguna point of view it was very important to study Arjuna, that how it would have broken the pathogenesis of Vyanga, what are the major chemicals present in Arjuna that work on hyper pigmentation. So a proper revalidation of Shastrokta quote of Acharya Sharangdhara was done by clinical trial and pharmacognostical and HPTLC analysis of Arjuna and Manjishtha

ANALYSIS OF TURBO VENTILATOR USING CFD

Rotating turbo-ventilators are cost effective environmental friendly natural ventilation devices, which are used to extract polluted air from a building. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study using the standard k-ɛ turbulence model with multiple reference frames (MRF) meshing technique is used to explore the suitability of numerical approach in modeling various features of a ventilator flow. The initial CFD results were validated against experimental results carried out on the test rig. It is observed that application of CFD simulation is feasible as a cost effective tool in the future design, development and performance analysis of rotating wind driven turbo ventilators

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Data Optimization with Enhanced Void Avoidance and Routing Protocol

Deployment of a multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) in a larger region presents innovative challenges in reliable data communications and survivability of network because of the limited underwater interaction range or bandwidth and the limited energy of underwater sensor nodes. UASNs are becoming very significant in ocean exploration applications, like underwater device maintenance, ocean monitoring, ocean resource management, pollution detection, and so on. To overcome those difficulties and attains the purpose of maximizing data delivery ratio and minimizing energy consumption of underwater SNs, routing becomes necessary. In UASN, as the routing protocol will guarantee effective and reliable data communication from the source node to the destination, routing protocol model was an alluring topic for researchers. There were several routing techniques devised recently. This manuscript presents an underwater acoustic sensor network data optimization with enhanced void avoidance and routing (UASN-DAEVAR) protocol. The presented UASN-DAEVAR technique aims to present an effective data transmission process using proficient routing protocols. In the presented UASN-DAEVAR technique, a red deer algorithm (RDA) is employed in this study. In addition, the UASN-DAEVAR technique computes optimal routes in the UASN. To exhibit the effectual results of the UASN-DAEVAR technique, a wide spread experimental analysis is made. The experimental outcomes represented the enhancements of the UASN-DAEVAR model

PERFORMANCE CHARECTERISTICS OF TURBO VENTILATOR: A REVIEW

Turbo ventilator is an alternative to motor driven ventilating systems. The rooftop turbo ventilator is now widely accepted for industrial ventilation as well becomes important ventilation feature which is used for ventilation of commercial, residential and many institutional buildings. It works effectively at very low wind speeds hence always functional. Many researchers found that performance of turbo ventilator depends on its various operating parameters and environmental conditions. Therefore, study of turbo ventilators in details has become the focus area of research. In this paper detailed study about the current improvements and future scope of the turbo ventilator is done. The results of analytical and the experimental works are analyzed by considering its performance for the various applications

An analytical framework for evaluating the value of enhanced customisation: an integrated operations-marketing perspective

In this paper we present a formal approach to evaluate the value of enhanced customisation. The suggested approach is based on a new perspective addressing the important alignment between the operations and marketing functions, under which we are able to obtain a more holistic understanding of the extent to which enhanced customisation may influence profitability. The model we develop captures the interaction between several factors including the inventory level, number of product variety, price, and delivery lead time. The numerical findings provide insights regarding some important aspects that may inhibit as well as facilitate the progress towards the manufacturing concept with a greater degree of personalised offerings

Relationship between cardiac deformation parameters measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and aerobic fitness in endurance athletes

Background: Athletic training leads to remodelling of both left and right ventricles with increased myocardial mass and cavity dilatation. Whether changes in cardiac strain parameters occur in response to training is less well established. In this study we investigated the relationship in trained athletes between cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) derived strain parameters of cardiac function and fitness. Methods: 35 endurance athletes and 35 age and sex matched controls underwent CMR at 3.0T including cine imaging in multiple planes and tissue tagging by spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM). CMR data were analysed quantitatively reporting circumferential strain and torsion from tagged images and left and right ventricular longitudinal strain from feature tracking of cine images. Athletes performed a maximal ramp-incremental exercise test to determine the lactate threshold (LT) and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max). Results: LV circumferential strain at all levels, LV twist and torsion, LV late diastolic longitudinal strain rate, RV peak longitudinal strain and RV early and late diastolic longitudinal strain rate were all lower in athletes than controls. On multivariable linear regression only LV torsion (beta=-0.37, P=0.03) had a significant association with LT. Only RV longitudinal late diastolic strain rate (beta=-0.35, P=0.03) had a significant association with V̇O2max. Conclusions: This cohort of endurance athletes had lower LV circumferential strain, LV torsion and biventricular diastolic strain rates than controls. Increased LT, which is a major determinant of performance in endurance athletes, was associated with decreased LV torsion. Further work is needed to understand the mechanisms by which this occurs

Nephrin Regulates Lamellipodia Formation by Assembling a Protein Complex That Includes Ship2, Filamin and Lamellipodin

Actin dynamics has emerged at the forefront of podocyte biology. Slit diaphragm junctional adhesion protein Nephrin is necessary for development of the podocyte morphology and transduces phosphorylation-dependent signals that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. The present study extends our understanding of Nephrin function by showing in cultured podocytes that Nephrin activation induced actin dynamics is necessary for lamellipodia formation. Upon activation Nephrin recruits and regulates a protein complex that includes Ship2 (SH2 domain containing 5′ inositol phosphatase), Filamin and Lamellipodin, proteins important in regulation of actin and focal adhesion dynamics, as well as lamellipodia formation. Using the previously described CD16-Nephrin clustering system, Nephrin ligation or activation resulted in phosphorylation of the actin crosslinking protein Filamin in a p21 activated kinase dependent manner. Nephrin activation in cell culture results in formation of lamellipodia, a process that requires specialized actin dynamics at the leading edge of the cell along with focal adhesion turnover. In the CD16-Nephrin clustering model, Nephrin ligation resulted in abnormal morphology of actin tails in human podocytes when Ship2, Filamin or Lamellipodin were individually knocked down. We also observed decreased lamellipodia formation and cell migration in these knock down cells. These data provide evidence that Nephrin not only initiates actin polymerization but also assembles a protein complex that is necessary to regulate the architecture of the generated actin filament network and focal adhesion dynamics

Fish oil replacement in current aquaculture feed : is cholesterol a hidden treasure for fish nutrition?

Teleost fish, as with all vertebrates, are capable of synthesizing cholesterol and as such have no dietary requirement for it. Thus, limited research has addressed the potential effects of dietary cholesterol in fish, even if fish meal and fish oil are increasingly replaced by vegetable alternatives in modern aquafeeds, resulting in progressively reduced dietary cholesterol content. The objective of this study was to determine if dietary cholesterol fortification in a vegetable oil-based diet can manifest any effects on growth and feed utilization performance in the salmonid fish, the rainbow trout. In addition, given a series of studies in mammals have shown that dietary cholesterol can directly affect the fatty acid metabolism, the apparent in vivo fatty acid metabolism of fish fed the experimental diets was assessed. Triplicate groups of juvenile fish were fed one of two identical vegetable oil-based diets, with additional cholesterol fortification (high cholesterol, H-Chol) or without (low cholesterol, L-Chol), for 12 weeks. No effects were observed on growth and feed efficiency, however, in fish fed H-Col no biosynthesis of cholesterol, and a remarkably decreased apparent in vivo fatty acid b-oxidation were recorded, whilst in LChol fed fish, cholesterol was abundantly biosynthesised and an increased apparent in vivo fatty acid b-oxidation was observed. Only minor effects were observed on the activity of stearyl-CoA desaturase, but a significant increase was observed for both the transcription rate in liver and the apparent in vivo activity of the fatty acid D-6 desaturase and elongase, with increasing dietary cholesterol. This study showed that the possible effects of reduced dietary cholesterol in current aquafeeds can be significant and warrant future investigations