Adolescent Cannabis Use Among Youth in ZIP Codes with Medical Dispensaries

Introduction. In the United States, 19 states permit recreational use of cannabis, with 16 more permitting medical use (Marijuana Policy Project, 2021). Concerns remain about whether liberalized policies result in increased adolescent cannabis use. To date, limited evidence exists that the statewide prevalence of adolescent cannabis use increased in states with liberalized policies. However, analyses at local levels show some negative impacts. Thus, we analyzed if living in a ZIP code with a dispensary (ZCWD) was associated with adolescent cannabis use. Methods. Dispensary ZIP codes from public records were matched to self-reported ZIP codes on the Illinois Youth Survey (IYS). We compared past 30-day and past-year cannabis use among youth living in a ZCWD and not living in a ZCWD. Results. About one in eight adolescents (12.8%, n = 1,348) in the weighted sample (n=10,569) resided in a ZCWD. Overall, past 30-day use was lower among youth who lived in ZIP codes with dispensaries (OR = .69, p < .05), with variation by grade. For example, only 10th (OR = .62, p < .05) and 12th graders (OR = .59, p < .05) living in a ZCWD had lower odds of past 30-day cannabis use. Additionally, only 12th graders in a ZCWD had lower odds of past-year use (OR = .70, p < .05). Finally, suburban youth living in a ZCWD also had lower odds of cannabis use (OR = .54, p < .01). Conclusion/Discussion. Cannabis use was significantly lower among 10th and 12th graders living in a ZCWD. Additional research should continue to monitor evolving state policies and whether they are associated with adolescent cannabis use

Additional file 1: of Sequential stages and distribution patterns of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) in the human brain

Summary of the statistical method and morphology of astroglial tau pathologies. (PDF 2229 kb

Additional file 2: of Sequential stages and distribution patterns of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) in the human brain

Pairwise conditional probability matrix and odds ratios of different ARTAG types. (PDF 876 kb

Final Analysis Dataset for Matched-Case Control Elk Habitat Selection

Final Analysis Dataset for Matched-Case Control Elk Habitat Selectio

Additional file 3: of Sequential stages and distribution patterns of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) in the human brain

Pairwise conditional probability matrix and odds ratios of grey matter ARTAG and primary FTLD-tauopathy associated astroglial tau immunoreactivities. (PDF 437 kb

Additional file 4: of Sequential stages and distribution patterns of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) in the human brain

Hierarchical cluster analysis of astroglial tau pathologies in different disorders. (PDF 1463 kb

Diel activity of wolves

Diel activity of wolve

Summary information for Historic Northern Yellowstone Elk Data

Summary information for Historic Northern Yellowstone Elk Dat

Kohl_etal_NorthernRangeCowElkData_2001thru2004

This is GPS data collected by Dr. Mark Boyce and National Park Staff as part of the early monitoring efforts of elk following wolf reintroduction. Winter data (see paper for information) is cleaned and operational. Migration data and Summer is not. Fix intervals vary by individual so please contact Dan MacNulty at Utah State University for additional information pertaining to these schedules and any other pertinent information. These data were assembled from three different sources (Mao, Varley, Evans), so duplicated records may exists for some records

Kohl_etal_NorthernRangeCowElkData_2001thru2004

This is GPS data collected by Dr. Mark Boyce and National Park Staff as part of the early monitoring efforts of elk following wolf reintroduction. Winter data (see paper for information) is cleaned and operational. Migration data and Summer is not. Fix intervals vary by individual so please contact Dan MacNulty at Utah State University for additional information pertaining to these schedules and any other pertinent information. These data were assembled from three different sources (Mao, Varley, Evans), so duplicated records may exists for some records