Gilt Edge Mine NPL Site Lawrence County, South Dakota: Final Report for the Climatic Evaluation (Deadwood and Lead, South Dakota)

This document serves as the final report for the climatic evaluation for the Ruby Gulch waste rock dump cap at the Gilt Edge Mine Site, Lawrence County, South Dakota (SD). This project was a collaborative effort between CDM Federal Programs Corporation and South Dakota State University (SDSU) under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region VIII response action contract. This report includes climatic analyses, raw weather data, and conclusions. In 1998 the Gilt Edge Mine near Deadwood, SD was abandoned and the reclamation of the mining site was halted. In 2000 SD requested that the EPA place the Gilt Edge Mine Site on the Superfund National Priorities List. SDSU through the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (SDAES) was asked to assist the State of South Dakota and the EPA in the development of a remediation and revegetation plan for the abandoned Gilt Edge Mine Site.The objectives of this report are: 1. Detail and summarize the climatic information for the Gilt Edge Mine site area. 2. Analyze the data for application for soil and vegetation purposes 3. Archive the raw weather data from Deadwood and Lead, SD.This report highlights the available climatic data for two weather stations near the Gilt Edge Mine Superfund Site (GEMSS). The weather stations studied were Deadwood and Lead, SD. The weather station data for Deadwood covered the years 1943 through 1999 and the weather station data for Lead covered the years 1909 through 1999. The weather data summarized in this report include daily temperature (maximum, minimum, and average), monthly temperature (maximum, minimum, and average), numbers of days at critical warm and cold temperatures, precipitation (daily, daily maximums, 7-day maximums, monthly, monthly maximums, snowfall, and number of days per year at critical precipitation levels), growing degree days (40 OF basis), growing season length (28 OF basis). Deadwood, SD climatic data is summarized in Table A. Lead, SD climatic data is summarized in Table B

Size Doesn't Matter: Towards a More Inclusive Philosophy of Biology

notes: As the primary author, O’Malley drafted the paper, and gathered and analysed data (scientific papers and talks). Conceptual analysis was conducted by both authors.publication-status: Publishedtypes: ArticlePhilosophers of biology, along with everyone else, generally perceive life to fall into two broad categories, the microbes and macrobes, and then pay most of their attention to the latter. ‘Macrobe’ is the word we propose for larger life forms, and we use it as part of an argument for microbial equality. We suggest that taking more notice of microbes – the dominant life form on the planet, both now and throughout evolutionary history – will transform some of the philosophy of biology’s standard ideas on ontology, evolution, taxonomy and biodiversity. We set out a number of recent developments in microbiology – including biofilm formation, chemotaxis, quorum sensing and gene transfer – that highlight microbial capacities for cooperation and communication and break down conventional thinking that microbes are solely or primarily single-celled organisms. These insights also bring new perspectives to the levels of selection debate, as well as to discussions of the evolution and nature of multicellularity, and to neo-Darwinian understandings of evolutionary mechanisms. We show how these revisions lead to further complications for microbial classification and the philosophies of systematics and biodiversity. Incorporating microbial insights into the philosophy of biology will challenge many of its assumptions, but also give greater scope and depth to its investigations

Commissioning of the SNS front-end systems at Berkeley Lab

Construction of a 2.5-MeV linac injector, the Front-End (FE) for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project, was completed in the spring of 2002. Of the major FE subsystems, the rf-driven H- ion source, the electrostatic LEBT, and the first of four RFQ modules had been commissioned by the spring of 2001, and commissioning of the remaining RFQ modules as well as the full system including the elaborate MEBT was carried out in Jan. through May, 2002. The Front End will be shipped to Oak Ridge, starting in June, 2002, and re-commissioned after installation at the SNS site. This paper gives an overview of FE major design features and experimental results obtained during the commissioning process at LBNL

Results of the SNS front end commissioning at Berkeley Lab

The Front-End Systems (FES) for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project comprise an rf-driven H{sup -} ion source, an electrostatic 2-lens LEBT, a 2.5 MeV RFQ, followed by a 14-quadrupole, 4-rebuncher MEBT including traveling-wave fast choppers. The nominal 2.5 MeV H{sup -} beam has a current of 38 mA at a repetition rate of 60 Hz and 1 ms pulse length, for a macro duty-factor of 6%, and is chopped at a rate of approximately 1 MHz with a mini duty-factor of 68%. The normalized rms beam emittance at the MEBT exit, matching the first tank of a 402.5 MHz Alvarez linac, is measured to be approximately 0.3 {pi} mm mrad. Diagnostic elements include wire scanners, BPMs, fast current monitors, a slit-harp emittance device and RFQ field monitoring probes. The results of the beam commissioning and the operation of the RFQ and diagnostic instrumentation are reported. The entire FES was shut down at LBNL at the end of May 2002 and will be recommissioned at ORNL prior to installation of the drift-tube linac

Chaaj (Mesoamerican Ballgame): An ancient game between cultural emergencies

The Meso-American ball games are corporal manifestations that have come being explored mainly from archaeological and historical perspectives. They have also been recaptured from different initiatives to put them into practice.However to say that the chaaj in mesoamérica is today a recreational and sport alternative, is to keep in little its demonstrated potential. The sacralidad manifested through the corporal movements is offering innovation options of the current societies. There they put at stake the codexes, the archaeological interpretations and the territorial knowledge. In their ludica dimension, the game gathers cultural, sport and pedagogic elements. In the last years it comes registering an unusual promotion. It amid the current times of change that were announced from immemorial times by the mayan knowing: men and women