Design an Intelligent System to automatically Tutor the Method for Solving Problems

Nowadays, intelligent systems have been applied in many real-word domains. The Intelligent chatbot is an intelligent system, it can interact with the human to tutor how to work some activities. In this work, we design an architecture to build an intelligent chatbot, which can tutor to solve problems, and construct scripts for automatically tutoring. The knowledge base of the intelligent tutoring chatbot is designed by using the requirements of an Intelligent Problem Solver. It is the combination between the knowledge model of relations and operators, and the structures of hint questions and sample problems, which are practical cases. Based on the knowledge base and tutoring scripts, a tutoring engine is designed. The tutoring chatbot plays as an instructor for solving real-world problems. It simulates the working of the instructor to tutor the user for solving problems. By utilizing the knowledge base and reasoning, the architecture of the intelligent chatbot are emerging to apply in the real-world. It is used to build an intelligent chatbot to support the learning of high-school mathematics and a consultant system in public administration. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with the existing systems

Asymmetric Synthesis of anti -β-Amino-α-Hydroxy Esters via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of β-Amino-α-Keto Esters

A method for the asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched anti-α-hydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives by enantioconvergent reduction of the corresponding racemic α-keto esters is presented. The requisite α-keto esters are prepared via Mannich addition of ethyl diazoacetate to imines followed by oxidation of the diazo group with Oxone. Implementation of a recently developed dynamic kinetic resolution of β-substituted-α-keto esters via Ru(II)-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation provides the title motif in routinely high diastereo- and enantioselectivity

Cu(II)-Catalyzed Aerobic Hydroperoxidation of Meldrum’s Acid Derivatives and Application in Intramolecular Oxidation: A Conceptual Blueprint for O 2 /H 2 Dihydroxylation

Aerobic hydroperoxidation of Meldrum’s acid derivatives via a Cu(II)-catalyzed process is presented. The mild reaction conditions are tolerant to pendant unsaturation allowing the formation of endoperoxides via electrophilic activation. Cleavage of the O–O bond provides 1,n-diols with differentiation of the hydroxy groups

Fabrication and hardness of in-situ Al3Ti–Al2O3 composite

In this work, an in-situ Al3Ti–Al2O3 composite was optimally synthesized from raw powders via mechanical milling and conventional sintering processes. The strong influence of milling time on the promotion of the phase reaction between the initial TiO2 and Al materials was proven by using X-ray diffraction and surface morphology analysis. The obtained results showed that the milling process did not initiate any reaction between the raw TiO2 and Al materials. However, the milling process was important for creating a homogeneous powder mixture and refining the particle size of the powders. The Al3Ti–Al2O3 composites were completely formed after conventional sintering at 750°C for 30 min for a milling time of over 4 h. The highest obtained microhardness of the composite was approximately 130 HV, which was suggested to be related to the microstructure of the bulk composite specimen consisting of two main phases, the Al3Ti matrix and the Al2O3 particles dispersed in the matrix. A small portion of an unidentified phase, a Ti-rich compound, was found in the matrix together with a tiny fraction of AlTi3. We suggest that the optimal sintering process and mechanical milling are important key factors in fabricating bulk hardness Al3Ti–Al2O3 composite materials

Composted tobacco waste increases the yield and organoleptic quality of leaf mustard

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) waste is produced in many countries and is phytotoxic due to the alkaloid content; in Vietnam the waste is usually burned causing air pollution. We composted tobacco waste with chicken manure in different proportions—1 t of waste ± accelerant (C1 and C2); 0.8 t of waste + 0.2 t of chicken manure ± accelerant (C3 and C4); and 0.7 t of waste + 0.3 t of chicken manure ± accelerant (C5 and C6)—for 30 d in covered heaps. Three mixtures containing the accelerant (C2, C4, and C6) reached temperatures of ∼55 °C, that 5s, hot enough to suppress disease and weeds. Composting decreased the alkaloid content from ∼6,000 to ∼200 mg kg−1, and C4 with a C/N ratio of 19:1, was used in a field trial. The compost treatments (0, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1) were combined fertilizer with phosphorus (40 kg ha−1), nitrogen (60 kg ha−1) and potassium (90 kg ha−1) for leaf mustard (Brassica integrifolia). The yield increased from ∼17 to ∼29 t ha−1 with the amount of compost applied, and the nitrate concentration decreased concomitantly from ∼67 to ∼42 mg NO3–N kg−1 fresh weight, presumably due to ongoing composting (nitrogen drawdown). Organoleptic evaluation showed a preference for the crops grown with the compost amendments. Whether remains to be seen whether one-off compost applications >20 t ha−1 and repeated, large applications provide additional, long-term production benefits, or if the benefits may be outweighed by the accumulation of persistent, phytotoxic alkaloids

A Comparative Photophysical Study of Structural Modifications of Thioflavin T-Inspired Fluorophores.

The benzothiazolium salt, Thioflavin T (ThT), has been widely adopted as the "gold-standard" fluorescent reporter of amyloid in vitro. Its properties as a molecular rotor result in a large-scale (∼1000-fold) fluorescence turn-on upon binding to β-sheets in amyloidogenic proteins. However, the complex photophysics of ThT combined with the intricate and varied nature of the amyloid binding motif means these interactions are poorly understood. To study this important class of fluorophores, we present a detailed photophysical characterization and comparison of a novel library of 12 ThT-inspired fluorescent probes for amyloid protein (PAPs), where both the charge and donor capacity of the heterocyclic and aminobenzene components have been interrogated, respectively. This enables direct photophysical juxtaposition of two structural groups: the neutral "PAP" (class 1) and the charged "mPAP" fluorophores (class 2). We quantify binding and optical properties at both the bulk and single-aggregate levels with some derivatives showing higher aggregate affinity and brightness than ThT. Finally, we demonstrate their abilities to perform super-resolution imaging of α-synuclein fibrils with localization precisions of ∼16 nm. The properties of the derivatives provide new insights into the relationship between chemical structure and function of benzothiazole probes.EPSRC Follow on Fund, EPSRC DTC, Royal Society UR

Analytical study of the sth-order perturbative corrections to the solution to a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator perturbed by a spatially power-law potential Vper(x) = λxα

In this work, we present a rigorous mathematical scheme for the derivation of the sth-order perturbative corrections to the solution to a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator perturbed by the potential V-per(x) = lambda x(alpha), where alpha is a positive integer, using the non-degenerate time-independent perturbation theory. To do so, we derive a generalized formula for the integral I = integral(+infinity)(-infinity)x(alpha)exp(-x(2))H-n(x)H-m(x)d(x), where H-n(x) denotes the Hermite polynomial of degree n, using the generating function of orthogonal polynomials. Finally, the analytical results with alpha = 3 and alpha = 4 are discussed in detail and compared with the numerical calculations obtained by the Lagrange-mesh method

Trace elements in wild and orchard honeys

The present study aims the identification and quantification of trace elements in two types of honey samples: Orchard honey and Wild honey from mainland Portugal. Chemical elements content was assessed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Concentrations were determinated for Ag, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, U, V and Zn. The nutritional values of both honey types were evaluated since this product contains some elements that are essential dietary nutrients for humans. Physical properties of the honey samples, such as electrical conductivy and pH, were assessed as well