Study on Physico- Chemical Parameters and Structural Characterization of Soils in Pudukkottai District of Tamilnadu, India

The soil is the most important constituent to fulfilment of all the basic needs of human beings and also is an important component of our farming. The study was conducted with the main objective to investigate the soil samples of Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu for its physico-chemical analysis and structural characterization. The collected soil samples were analyzed for its pH, EC, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc and Iron. Besides, the sample was characterized by FTIR studies for structural conformation. From the study the results revealed that the collected soil was red soil and its texture was sandy clay loam. The soil pH was 9.29 which was alkaline and the EC was 0.02 dSm-1. The available macro-nutrients as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for paddy field soil samples had 118, 11 and 160 kg/ha respectively. Micronutrients Nutrients also analyzed. FT-IR spectrum of soil was recorded spectrum of soil was shown the C-H deformation vibrations occur at 1402. The C=C Stretching vibrations occur at 1644 and the N-H Stretching vibrations occur at 2344. Management options to improve the soil fertility were discussed

A descriptive study on catchment area analysis and customer satisfaction towards big bazaar with special reference to Vadapalani Branch, Chennai

Customers' experience ultimately determine whether or not a company stays in business.The importance of customer satisfaction was a hot business topic in the 1980s, as customer satisfaction was considered the best window into loyalty.In the late '80s, however, researchers questioned whether customer satisfaction actually impacts overall performance.They found that the link between customer satisfaction and higher profits, ROI, or share of market is dubious.The research paper is about the identification of the customer satisfaction and catchment area of BIG BAZAAR'S Business in vadapalani branch and its service.The researcher used descriptive research, and simple random sampling to identify the sample.The sample size of 111 was included in the study. Researcher sued Chi square test to test the hypothesis

Impact of financial inclusion in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of reviews

Financial inclusion programmes seek to increase access to financial services such as credit, savings, insurance and money transfers and so allow poor and low-income households in low- and middle-income countries to enhance their welfare, grasp opportunities, mitigate shocks, and ultimately escape poverty. This systematic review of reviews assesses the evidence on economic, social, behavioural and gender-related outcomes from financial inclusion. It collects and appraises all of the existing meta-studies - that is systematic reviews and meta-analyses - of the impact of financial inclusion. The authors first analyse the strength of the methods used in those meta-studies, then synthesise the findings from those that are of a sufficient quality, and finally, report the implications for policy, programming, practice and further research arising from the evidence. Eleven studies are included in the analysis

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Clinico epidemiological and mycological study of pityriasis versicolor PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR

Background: Pityriasis versicolor, a chronic superficial fungal infection caused by lipophilic yeasts of the genus, Malassezia is a common infection in the tropical and subtropical regions. Objective was to study the epidemiology, clinical presentation, associations, etiological agents and clinico-mycological correlation of pityriasis versicolor. Methods: Hundred patients with clinical diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor who attended the mycology out-patient (OP) clinic between September 2014 and August 2015 were enrolled. Skin scrapings from these patients were subjected to 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and culture.Results: Out of the 100 patients with pityriasis versicolor (PV), 70% were males and 30% were females and the most affected age group was between 21-30 years (43%). The youngest age affected was a 13 years old male while the oldest was a 65 years old male. Duration of the infection ranged between 1 month to 6 months in 65% while it was more than 1 year in 9% of patients. Recurrence was observed in 35% of them. Back was the most common site (48%) to be involved. Seventy percent of patients had more than 30% body surface area involvement. Achromic type of PV was the most common clinical presentation in 68% of patients. Out of the 76 isolates, Malassezia globosa was the predominant isolate (48.7%), followed by M. sympodialis (25%), M. furfur (10.5%), M. restricta (7.9%) and M. obtusa (6.6%).Conclusions: Achromic type of PV is the most common clinical presentation. Malassezia globosa is the most common etiological agent of pityriasis versicolor

Clinico epidemiological and mycological study of pityriasis versicolor PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR

Background: Pityriasis versicolor, a chronic superficial fungal infection caused by lipophilic yeasts of the genus, Malassezia is a common infection in the tropical and subtropical regions. Objective was to study the epidemiology, clinical presentation, associations, etiological agents and clinico-mycological correlation of pityriasis versicolor. Methods: Hundred patients with clinical diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor who attended the mycology out-patient (OP) clinic between September 2014 and August 2015 were enrolled. Skin scrapings from these patients were subjected to 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and culture.Results: Out of the 100 patients with pityriasis versicolor (PV), 70% were males and 30% were females and the most affected age group was between 21-30 years (43%). The youngest age affected was a 13 years old male while the oldest was a 65 years old male. Duration of the infection ranged between 1 month to 6 months in 65% while it was more than 1 year in 9% of patients. Recurrence was observed in 35% of them. Back was the most common site (48%) to be involved. Seventy percent of patients had more than 30% body surface area involvement. Achromic type of PV was the most common clinical presentation in 68% of patients. Out of the 76 isolates, Malassezia globosa was the predominant isolate (48.7%), followed by M. sympodialis (25%), M. furfur (10.5%), M. restricta (7.9%) and M. obtusa (6.6%).Conclusions: Achromic type of PV is the most common clinical presentation. Malassezia globosa is the most common etiological agent of pityriasis versicolor

An open study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tazarotene gel (0.1%) in acne vulgaris

BACKGROUND: Tazarotene is a new third generation topical acetylenic retinoid. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tazarotene gel (0.1%) in Indian patients of acne vulgaris. METHODS: The present study was a prospective, open, multicentric, phase III trial. The duration of study was 14 weeks, including a 12-week active treatment period, preceded by a 2-week washout phase. Patients applied 0.1% tazarotene gel as a thin film over the affected area once daily in the evening. The efficacy was evaluated by analyzing changes in the number of facial acne lesions and patient's and physicians' global assessment. The efficacy parameters were assessed at baseline, visits 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Tolerability and safety was assessed by physical examination, laboratory parameters and evaluation of adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients in 6 centers completed the study. At the end of the 8th and 12th weeks, the mean number of inflammatory lesions reduced by 70.6% and 86.1%, non-inflammatory lesions by 81.5% and 92%, and total lesion count 75.6% and 88.8% respectively from baseline. Also, 90.7% and 93.6% of total study cases showed complete to moderate clearance of acne lesions according to physicians at the end of the 8th and 12th weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the efficacy and safety of tazarotene gel (0.1%) in Indian patients of acne vulgaris