In situ product recovery of bio-based industrial platform chemicals : a guideline to solvent selection

In situ product recovery (ISPR), in the form of an extractive fermentation process, can increase productivity and product titers in the sustainable production of platform chemicals. To establish a guideline for the development of industrially relevant production processes for such bio-based compounds, a wide screening was performed, mapping the potential of an extensive range of solvents and solvent mixtures. Besides solvent biocompatibility with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, distribution coefficients of three organic acids (protocatechuic acid, adipic acid and para-aminobenzoic acid) and four fragrance compounds (2-phenylethanol, geraniol, trans-cinnamaldehyde and β-ionone) were determined. While for highly hydrophobic fragrance compounds, multiple pure solvents were identified that were able to extract more than 98%, reactive extraction mixtures were proven effective for more challenging compounds including organic acids and hydrophilic alcohols. For example, a reactive mixture consisting of 12.5% of the extractant CYTOP 503 in canola oil was found to be biocompatible and showed superior extraction efficiency for the challenging compounds as compared to any biocompatible single solvent. This mapping of biocompatible solvents and solvent mixtures for the extraction of various classes of industrial platform chemicals can be a tremendous step forward in the development of extractive fermentations

VALORISATION OF HYDROLYSIS LIGNIN REST FROM BIOETHANOL PILOT PLANT: PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AND UPSCALING

The aim of this work has been to find a scalable process to purify lignin and separate the cellulose-rich fraction from a poplar wood hydrolysis rest produced at a bioethanol pilot-plant. At initial laboratory optimization, a mild extraction of lignin was performed with 1 M NaOH at 90 °C to dissolve the lignin, that was further precipitated with sulfuric acid and this formed an easily filtrable powder. The main sub-product was a solid residue enriched in cellulose, which was successfully saccharified and tested for its fermentability. Further upscaling of the method was done at Bio Based Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP) in Belgium. In a first run 14.2 kg of purified poplar lignin was obtained and in a second run 128.6 kg was obtained. The wet fiber residue was processed by washing and enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain, 26.7 kg of concentrated sugar solution with 509.4 g/L of glucose.European Union´s H2020, GA no. 723670, REHA

Variabiliteit in farmacokinetiek van intraveneuze paracetamol bij gezonde ouderen

BACKGROUND and OBJECTIVE: Paracetamol is the most used analgesic in older people. The physiological changes occurring with ageing influence the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and its variability. A population pharmacokinetic analysis to describe the pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in fit older people was performed. Thereafter, simulations were conducted to illustrate target attainment and variability of paracetamol exposure following current dosing regimens (1000 mg q6h, q8h) using steady-state concentration (Cssmean) of 10 mg/L as target for effective analgesia. DESIGN and METHODS: A population pharmacokinetic-analysis, using NONMEM 7.2, was performed based on 601 concentrations of paracetamol from 30 fit older people (median age = 77.3 years [61.8- 88.5], body weight = 79 kg [60-107]). All had received an intravenous paracetamol dose of 1000 mg – over 15 min – after elective knee surgery. RESULTS: A two-compartment pharmacokinetic-model best described the data. Volume of distribution of paracetamol increased exponentially with body weight. Clearance was not influenced by any covariate. Simulations of the standardized dosing regimens resulted in a Css-mean of 9.2 mg/L (q6h) and 7.2 mg/L (q8h). Variability in paracetamol pharmacokinetics resulted in a Css-mean above 5.4 (q6h) and 4.1 mg/L (q8h) in 90%, and above 15.5 (q6h) and 11.7 mg/L (q8h) in 10% of the population. CONCLUSION: The target concentration was achieved in the average patient with 1000 mg q6h, while q8h resulted in underdosing for the majority of the population. Due to large unexplained interindividual variability in paracetamol pharmacokinetics a relevant proportion of the fit older people remained either under- or overexposed

Side branch healing patterns of the Tryton dedicated bifurcation stent: a 1-year optical coherence tomography follow-up study

The bare-metal Tryton Side Branch (SB) Stent™ (Tryton Medical, Durham, NC, USA) is used with a drug-eluting stent (DES) in the main branch (MB) to treat bifurcation lesions. It is argued that a drug-eluting Tryton-version is needed to improve clinical outcomes, although previous registries have shown good clinical results. More insights in neo-intimal hyperplasia (NIH) growth patterns of the Tryton treatment strategy are needed to decide if and where to drug-coat the stent. Ten patients returned for follow-up angiography (mean follow-up time 393 ± 103 days) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) pullbacks from the MB were obtained in all patients and from the SB in six patients. A per-strut analysis showed an uncovered strut rate of 0.7 % and an incompletely-apposed strut rate of 0.8 %. Most incompletely-apposed struts were found at the bifurcation region, in the luminal half facing towards the SB. Mean NIH thickness in the proximal MB, distal MB and SB were 0.14 ± 0.11, 0.19 ± 0.11, and 0.34 ± 0.19 mm, respectively, with a variety of growth patterns observed in the SB. We found good vascular healing of the DES in the MB, while healing was less favourably in the SB part. Furthermore, we observed a variety of NIH growth patterns in this SB part and more studies are needed to investigate the relation between growth patterns and clinical outcomes

Науково-інформаційні ресурси порталу бібліотеки: формування, використання

Визначено шляхи вдосконалення процесів формування та використання електронних ресурсів порталу національної бібліотеки як базової компоненти єдиного науково-інформаційного простору держави.Определены пути усовершенствования процессов формирования и использования электронных ресурсов портала национальной библиотеки как базовой компоненты единого научно-информационного пространства государства.The ways of improvement of formation and usage processes of the electronic resources of the national library portal as a base component of unified scientific information space of the state are determined