21,568 research outputs found
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Idiopathic AIDS enteropathy and treatment of gastrointestinal opportunistic pathogens.
Diarrhea in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has proven to be both a diagnostic and treatment challenge since the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus more than 30 years ago. Among the main etiologies of diarrhea in this group of patients are infectious agents that span the array of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, parasites, and fungal organisms. In many instances, highly active antiretroviral therapy remains the cornerstone of therapy for both AIDS and AIDS-related diarrhea, but other targeted therapies have been developed as new pathogens are identified; however, some infections remain treatment challenges. Once identifiable infections as well as other causes of diarrhea are investigated and excluded, a unique entity known as AIDS enteropathy can be diagnosed. Known as an idiopathic, pathogen-negative diarrhea, this disease has been investigated extensively. Atypical viral pathogens, including HIV itself, as well as inflammatory and immunologic responses are potential leading causes of it. Although AIDS enteropathy can pose a diagnostic challenge so too does the treatment of it. Highly active antiretroviral therapy, nutritional supplementation, electrolyte replacements, targeted therapy for infection if indicated, and medications for symptom control all are key elements in the treatment regimen. Importantly, a multidisciplinary approach among the gastroenterologist, infectious disease physician, HIV specialists, oncology, and surgery is necessary for many patients
Voltage regulator/amplifier is self-regulated
Signal modulated, self-regulating voltage regulator/amplifier controls the output b-plus voltage in modulated regulator systems. It uses self-oscillation with feedback to a control circuit with a discontinuous amplitude action feedback loop
Improved electrode gives high-quality biological recordings
To obtain high quality waveforms from a subject engaged in physical activity, an improved electrode assembly has been devised. This consists of a cup containing an electrically conductive paste and a silver electrode. The paste maintains contact between the skin and the plate
Computer program samples digital data for CRT display
High volume, multichannel data reduction computer program permits selection of the rates at which digital data is sampled. The program, written in FORTRAN 4 source language, also permits accessibility to the original mass of data
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Modelling commercial vehicle handling and rolling stability
YesThis paper presents a multi-degrees-of-freedom non-linear multibody dynamic
model of a three-axle heavy commercial vehicle tractor unit, comprising a subchassis, front
and rear leaf spring suspensions, steering system, and ten wheels/tyres, with a semi-trailer
comprising two axles and eight wheels/tyres. The investigation is mainly concerned with the
rollover stability of the articulated vehicle. The models incorporate all sources of compliance,
stiffness, and damping, all with non-linear characteristics, and are constructed and simulated
using automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems formulation. A constant radius turn
test and a single lane change test (according to the ISO Standard) are simulated. The constant
radius turn test shows the understeer behaviour of the vehicle, and the single lane change
manoeuvre was conducted to show the transient behaviour of the vehicle. Non-stable roll
and yaw behaviour of the vehicle is predicted at test speeds .90 km/h. Rollover stability of
the vehicle is also investigated using a constant radius turn test with increasing speed.
The articulated laden vehicle model predicted increased understeer behaviour, due to higher
load acting on the wheels of the middle and rear axles of the tractor and the influence of the
semi-trailer, as shown by the reduced yaw rate and the steering angle variation during the constant
radius turn. The rollover test predicted a critical lateral acceleration value where complete
rollover occurs. Unstable behaviour of the articulated vehicle is also predicted in the single lane
change manoeuvre
Electrode for biological recording
Electrochemically reversible silver-silver chloride electrode for detecting bioelectric potential differences generated by human muscles and organ
THE DEFICIT IN NATURAL RESOURCE RESEARCH
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
Delineation of soil temperature regimes from HCMM data
Evaluation of LANDSAT and Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) data as input into National Cooperative Soil Survey is discussed. Signature classification techniques were applied to 13 May 76 LANDSAT data. LANDSAT data was overlaid with HCMM data, revealing registration problems caused by a shortage of control points in LANDSAT data, and the WARP program developed to improve registration accuracy. Initial images for control point selection were produced using digital terrain elevation data. Statistical procedures for evaluating data classification and to describe spatial distribution of surface temperature and its correlation with soil surface conditions were investigated
Delineation of soil temperature regimes from HCMM data
The subsetting of HCMM data into ORSER format was completed for four dates using a modified SUBSET program. Large areas (approximately 2500 scan lines, 1680 elements) were selected to increase the occurrence of suitable control points for registration. Average daily temperatures (ADT) were calculated for each date. The MERGE program combined registered daytime temperature (DAY-IR) with nighttime temperature (NIGHT-IR) to form a separate two-channel data set. The SUBTRAN program averaged the DAY-IR and NIGHT-IR creating a third ADT channel. Registration equations for the four ADT data sets were generated. A one dimensional soil heat flow equation was modified to allow for mean annual soil temperature predictions using merged ADT data sets
Soil temperature investigations using satellite acquired thermal-infrared data in semi-arid regions
Thermal-infrared data from the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission satellite were used to map the spatial distribution of diurnal surface temperatures and to estimate mean annual soil temperatures (MAST) and annual surface temperature amplitudes (AMP) in semi-arid east central Utah. Diurnal data with minimal snow and cloud cover were selected for five dates throughout a yearly period and geometrically co-registered. Rubber-sheet stretching was aided by the WARP program which allowed preview of image transformations. Daytime maximum and nighttime minimum temperatures were averaged to generation average daily temperature (ADT) data set for each of the five dates. Five ADT values for each pixel were used to fit a sine curve describing the theoretical annual surface temperature response as defined by a solution of a one-dimensinal heat flow equation. Linearization of the equation produced estimates of MAST and AMP plus associated confidence statistics. MAST values were grouped into classes and displayed on a color video screen. Diurnal surface temperatures and MAST were primarily correlated with elevation
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