Fast recognition of marine particles in underwater digital holography

The issue of fast recognition of marine particles in situ by digital holography methods is considered. An algorithm for the classification of marine particles by morphological features is proposed. Preliminary results and estimation of accuracy of the proposed algorithm are presented

Marine particles investigation by underwater digital holography

A hardware-software complex for non-contact investigation of marine particles is presented. The complex is based on digital holography principles and can be immersed in water, for example, to study plankton in a habitat. Special features of a submersible holocamera (or DHC sensor) are considered. Results of approbation of the complex during the Mission in the Kara Sea are presented. A new DHC sensor design is discusse

Digital holographic camera for plankton monitoring

A submersible digital holographic camera for measuring plankton and other particles is described. The camera provides underwater recording of digital holograms of water volume containing plankton followed by automatic restoration of holographic images of plankton species, determination of their sizes, shapes, and concentrations, and their recognition and classification. Particles with sizes of 200 μm and larger are analyzed. The water volume registered per exposure is about 1 L. The special features of the software for automatic information retrieval from digital holograms are discussed. Examples of application of the camera as an integral part of the hardware-software complex for field measurements are given. Prospects for application of this complex for ecological monitoring are discussed. The recognition criterion of the digital holographic camera and the data volume and the averaging time required for obtaining statistically reliable data on plankton species are also given

Stable multiple-charged localized optical vortices in cubic-quintic nonlinear media

The stability of two-dimensional bright vortex solitons in a media with focusing cubic and defocusing quintic nonlinearities is investigated analytically and numerically. It is proved that above some critical beam powers not only one- and two-charged but also multiple-charged stable vortex solitons do exist. A vortex soliton occurs robust with respect to symmetry-breaking modulational instability in the self-defocusing regime provided that its radial profile becomes flattened, so that a self-trapped wave beam gets a pronounced surface. It is demonstrated that the dynamics of a slightly perturbed stable vortex soliton resembles an oscillation of a liquid stream having a surface tension. Using the idea of sustaining effective surface tension for spatial vortex soliton in a media with competing nonlinearities the explanation of a suppression of the modulational instability is proposed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Journal of Optics A. The proceedings of the workshop NATO ARW, Kiev 2003 Singular Optics 200

The Hierarchical System of Strategies for Innovative Management of the Development of Hotels and Catering Enterprises on an Active Adaptive Basis

The aim of the article is forming a hierarchical system of strategies for innovative management of the development of hotels and restaurant enterprises on an active adaptive basis under modern market conditions. The article considers the content of the analysis of the economic activity of hotels and restaurant enterprises and the intrinsic characteristic of intuitionism, which is an analytical and intuitive platform for the formation of a hierarchical system of strategies for innovative management of the development of hotels and restaurant enterprises. A set of components of the functional strategy of innovative management of the development of hotels and restaurant enterprises and a list of their alternatives is formed. The stages of choosing alternatives to the strategy of innovative management of the development of hotels and restaurant enterprises are determined. Based on the results of the study, an active adaptive hierarchical system of strategies for innovative management of the development of hotels and restaurant facilities is formed

Cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan as a Vector of Eurasian Integration

The study analyzes the areas of cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan within the framework of Eurasian integration.Aim. To identify the presence of factors contributing to the strengthening of relations between Russia and Kazakhstan at the present stage and obstacles hindering the deepening of integration processes.Tasks. To analyze the current state of cooperation between the two countries within the framework of the Eurasian Union, to identify obstacles to deepening integration processes, to show forecast scenarios of interaction between Russia and Kazakhstan. To analyze how these scenarios will affect the relationship between the two countries, and what consequences will be if each of them is implemented.Methods. The article uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach, as well as an empirical method of expert evaluation.Results. The study showed that there are strong relations between the two countries in the economic sphere within the framework of the EAEU. Russia is the main trading partner of Kazakhstan. Projects related to the Caspian Sea are being developed and look very promising. Joint military exercises and supplies of Russian weapons are of great interest to Kazakhstan. Russia acts as a guarantor of Kazakhstan’s security in the region and its main partner in the Eurasian space. The Collective Security Treaty Organization also plays an important role in the relations between the two countries, which proved its effectiveness in the January 2022 events, contributing to the resolution of the political crisis and preventing extremist actions of armed terrorist groups. At the same time, the role of Kazakhstan as its closest neighbor and ally is also important for Russia, especially in the context of escalating international tensions.Conclusions. Both Russia and Kazakhstan are interested in further cooperation in the economic, military and cultural spheres. At the same time, the further deepening of integration processes is hindered by the absence of large joint investment projects and the multi-vector nature of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy. In the context of the information war of the West against Russia and the increasing international tension, it is extremely important to deepen cooperation between the two countries

Cardiosurgical endovascular intervention during pregnancy

Objective. To share the experience of endovascular interventions in pregnant women and women in labor, gained by national team “obstetric cardiology”. Materials and methods. The algorithm of medical support was presented, including the cases of cardiosurgical interventions performance , for pregnant women with critically severe pathology of the heart, which was based on actual recommendations and own experience. Into the clinic of Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery during 6.5 yrs (12.2013 - 05.2020) 145 women-patients were admitted to hospital, in 79 of them cardiosurgical intervention was done. Endovascular cardiosurgical operations were performed in 36 patients, and the hybrid - in 2. Urgent and emergency endovascular interventions were performed in 17 women-patients with various terms of pregnancy (15 - 35 weeks) and in 2 women in labor. Conditionally-elective cardiosurgical interventions were performed in 17 women-patients on various terms of pregnancy (as a rule, in II trimester) and in 2 women in labor. In 34 patients the interventions were performed with fetus in utero. Early and late maternal mortality was absent. One «programmed» loss of the fetus have occurred on 12-th week of pregnancy with the inborn heart failure. Modern views on impact of ionized radiation and contrast substances on fetus were presented, and the methods of lowering of their potential harm. Conclusion. There was trusted, that while applying strict indications for performance of endovascular interventions during pregnancy, these methods of diagnosis and treatment are more secure in comparison with «open» operative interventions and may be performed under supervision of experienced multidisciplinary team, taking into account the pregnancy term and the fetus defense

СИНДРОМ МАРФАНА ТА ВАГІТНІСТЬ

The aim of the study – to review current issues and clinical guidelines in medical care for pregnant women with Marfan syndrome, as well as the experience of the national multidisciplinary team to reduce maternal and perinatal losses. Materials and Methods. Our pregnancy heart team from National Amosov Institute of Сardio-vascular Surgery took care on 16 pregnant women and parturients with aortic aneurysms from January 2014 to June 2020. Hereditary diseases of the thoracic aorta with a typical phenotype (Marfan syndrome) were observed in 3 pregnant women. Among them – two were with AAD in the III trimester and in postpartum. One patient was observed by a multidisciplinary team from 14 weeks of gestation up to the delivery. Preventive cardiac surgery in 19 weeks of gestation with fetus in utero was performed. Results and Discussion. In the group of pregnant women and parturients with thoracic aortic pathology, one maternal death was observed on the 7th day after cardiac surgery (parturient with MS and AAD at 40 weeks of gestation after emergency cesarean section and urgent Bentall de Bone intervention). The cause of death was spontaneous acute dissection of the thoracic aorta type B with ruptures of the descending thoracic aorta. Long-term results were observed in both other mothers – there were not maternal mortality or "near-miss". There were no perinatal losses. In the article we discuss pathomorphological and pathoanatomical factors that affect the increased risk of AAD in pregnant women with MS. Current views on medical care for pregnant women with MS, the principles of primary and secondary prevention of major cardiac events, including a life-threatening complication – acute aortic dissection. Obstetric and cardiac surgery tactics in pregnant patients with MS, including AAD, are discussed. We talked over recommendations for delivery methods in patients with MS, indications for preventive aortic surgery, a clinical case of preventive surgery in pregnant women with MS from the experience of national pregnancy heart team. Conclusions. The presence of Marfan syndrome significantly increases maternal and perinatal risks and requires careful multidisciplinary support of the pregnant woman and parturient. The development of AAD in patients with MS during pregnancy is a life-threatening complication, the prevention of which requires medical and sometimes preventive cardiac surgery for pregnant women.Цель исследования – проведение анализа современных рекомендаций и клинических руководств, а также опыта работы национальной мультидисциплинарной команды по медицинскому сопровождению беременных с синдромом Марфана (СМ) с целью уменьшения материнских и перинатальных потерь. Материалы и методы. С января 2014 года по июнь 2020 мультидисциплинарный коллектив на базе клиники ГУ «НИССХ им. Н.М. Амосова НАМН Украины» провел лечение 16 беременных и рожениц с аневризмой аорты. Наследственные заболевания грудной аорты с типичным фенотипом (синдром Марфана) наблюдались у 3 беременных. Среди них двое были с ОРАА в III триместре и после родов. Одна пациентка сопровождалась мультидисциплинарной командой с 14 недель беременности до родов. В 19 недель пациентке было выполнено кардиохирургическое вмешательство с fetus in utero. Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. В группе беременных и рожениц с патологией грудной аорты наблюдалась 1 материнская смерть (роженица с СМ и ОРАА на 40 неделе беременности после экстренного кесарева сечения и неотложного вмешательства Бенталла-де-Боне на 7 сутки после операции). Причиной смерти стала спонтанная острая диссекция грудной аорты типа В с разрывами нисходящего отдела грудной аорты. Отдаленные результаты прослежены в обоих других рожениц – материнской смертности или «near-miss» не было. Перинатальных потерь не было. В статье обсуждены патоморфологические и патанатомические факторы, влияющие на рост риска возникновения ОРАА у беременных с СМ. Представлены современные взгляды на медицинскую помощь беременным с СМ, принципы первичной и вторичной профилактики больших кардиальных событий, в том числе и опасного для жизни осложнения – острой диссекции аорты. Обсуждены акушерская и кардиохирургическая тактика у беременных пациенток с СМ, в том числе и при острой диссекции аорты. Рассмотрены рекомендации по ведению родов у пациенток с СМ, проведение превентивной хирургии аорты, приведен клинический случай профилактической хирургии у беременной с СМ из опыта национальной команды «акушерская кардиология». Выводы. Наличие синдрома Марфана значительно увеличивает материнские и перинатальные риски и требует тщательного мультидисциплинарного наблюдения за беременной и роженицей. Развитие ОРАА у пациенток с СМ во время беременности – угрожающее жизни осложнение, профилактика которого требует медикаментозного, а иногда и превентивного кардиохирургического сопровождения беременной женщины.Мета дослідження – проведення аналізу сучасних рекомендацій та клінічних настанов, а також досвіду роботи національної мультидисциплінарної команди щодо медичного супроводу вагітних із синдромом Марфана (СМ) з метою зменшення материнських та перинатальних втрат. Матеріали та методи. З січня 2014 до червня 2020 року мультидисциплінарний колектив на базі клініки ДУ «Національний інститут серцево-судинної хірургії імені М. М. Амосова НАМН України» провів лікування 16 вагітних та породілей з аневризмою аорти. Спадкові захворювання грудної аорти з типовим фенотипом (синдром Марфана) спостерігалися у 3 вагітних. Серед них дві було з ГРАА у III триместрі та після пологів. Одна пацієнтка супроводжувалася мультидисциплінарною командою з 14 тижнів вагітності до пологів. У 19 тижнів пацієнтці було виконано кардіохірургічне втручання з fetus in utero. Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. У групі вагітних та породілей із патологією грудної аорти мала місце 1 материнська смерть (породілля із СМ та гострим розшаруванням аневризми аорти (ГРАА) на 40 тижні вагітності після екстреного кесаревого розтину та невідкладного втручання Бенталла-де-Боне на 7 добу після операції). Причиною смерті стала спонтанна гостра дисекція грудної аорти типу В із розривами низхідного відділу грудної аорти. Віддалені результати прослідковано в обох інших породілей – материнської смертності або «near-miss» не було. Перинатальних втрат не було. У статті обговорено патоморфологічні та патанатомічні фактори, що впливають на зростання ризику виникнення ГРАА у вагітних із СМ. Представлено сучасні погляди на медичну допомогу вагітним із СМ, принципи первинної та вторинної профілактики великих кардіальних подій, у тому числі й небезпечного для життя ускладнення – гострої дисекції аорти. Обговорено акушерську та кардіохірургічну тактику у вагітних пацієнток із СМ, у тому числі й при гострій дисекції аорти. Розглянуто рекомендації щодо ведення пологів у пацієнток із СМ, проведення превентивної хірургії аорти, наведено клінічний випадок профілактичної хірургії у вагітної із СМ з досвіду національної команди «акушерська кардіологія». Висновки. Наявність синдрому Марфана значно збільшує материнські та перинатальні ризики та потребує ретельного мультидисциплінарного спостереження за вагітною та породіллею. Розвиток ГРАА у пацієнток із СМ під час вагітності – небезпечне для життя ускладнення, профілактика якого потребує медикаментозного, а іноді й превентивного кардіохірургічного супроводу вагітної жінки

Phototropic response features for different systematic groups of mesoplankton under adverse environmental conditions

Current trends in the application of bioindication methods are related to the use of submersible tools that perform real- time measurements directly in the studied aquatic environment. The methods based on the registration of changes in the be- havioral responses of zooplankton, in particular Crustaceans, which make up the vast majority of the biomass in water areas, seem quite promising. However, the multispe- cies composition of natural planktonic biocenoses poses the need to consider the potential difference in the sensitivity of organisms to pollutants. This paper describes laboratory studies of the phototropic response of plankton to attracting light. The studies were carried out on a model natural community that in equal amounts includes Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, and Cyclops vicinus, as well as on the monoculture groups of these species. The phototropic response was initiated by the attracting light with a wavelength of 532 nm close to the local maximum of the reflection spectrum of chlorella microalgae. Standard potassium bichromate was used as the model pollutant

Cadmium telluride for high-efficiency solar cells

Problems of the synthesis of cadmium telluride powders having required purity and grain size distribution for high-efficiency solar cells have been analyzed. A test batch of powders has been synthesized and used for the manufacture and study of thin-film solar cell specimens exhibiting parameters compliant with the best worldwide standards. The phase composition of the powders has been studied using X-ray diffraction. Structural analysis and elemental composition measurements have been carried out using electron microscopy. The effect of free tellurium phase in the powders on the endurance of devices manufactured from the powder has been described. We show that excess tellurium in the film specimens whose atoms are predominantly localized along grain boundaries may cause temporal degradation of the electrical properties of the manufactured solar cells due to changes in the parameters of the crystalline structure of the cadmium telluride phase which are caused in turn by changes in the stoichiometric composition of the material. Structural studies of the film specimens have not revealed differences in the film structure before and after endurance tests. A new cadmium telluride powder process route has been developed, proven and tested taking into account the advantages and drawbacks of the previously used process and experiments confirming the correctness of the technical solutions chosen have been conducted