Separation et caracterisation des proteines et des fibres de tourteaux depellicules de lupin blanc (Lupinus albus L.) et de lupin changeant (ou andin) (Lupinus mutabilis sweet) obtenus par tamisage humide

illus. 52 ref.International audienc

Aging and Post-Mortem Study of LNMO-Based Lithium Ion Battery Pouch Cells

Lithium ion batteries are nowadays widely employed in a variety of applications from consumer electronics to electric vehicles. Due to the rising demand for batteries, more affordable and sustainable batteries are needed that exhibit at the same time high energy densities, high power capabilities, long cycle life, and increased safety. One concept to meet these requirements is to develop cobalt-free cathode materials of which the high-voltage spinel LNMO (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) is a promising material due to its high energy density and high operating voltage of 4.7 V. However, the high operating voltage has also its drawbacks. Commonly used carbonate-based electrolytes oxidize at high voltages, leading to the continuous formation of a cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI). Additionally, LNMO is prone to transition metal dissolution which not only leads to a reduced stability of the cathode active material but due to migration and deposition of the transition metals on the anode surface also to an altered solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and significant impedance rise of the anode.1 Both ageing mechanisms provoke increased lithium loss and high resistances and thus a poor cycling performance.2, 3 In the Horizon 2020 LC-BAT5 project HYDRA, LNMO-based prototype pouch cells are developed and built. Herein, we want to present the results from the comprehensive analysis of their performance and cycling behavior. The influence of upper cut-off voltage, charge and discharge current rate as well as temperature on the degradation are thoroughly investigated by electrochemical methods such as differential voltage analysis and impedance spectroscopy. After cycling, selected cells are opened under argon atmosphere followed by electrochemical characterization as well as physical analysis such as SEM-EDX and XPS in order to get further insights into the underlying ageing mechanisms. We thereby reveal the main degradation mechanisms as a function of the cycling conditions and derive solutions on how to increase the cycle life. 1. C. Zhan, T. Wu, J. Lu and K. Amine, Energy Environ. Sci., 11 (2), 243-257 (2018). 2. J. Ma, P. Hu, G. Cui and L. Chen, Chem. Mater., 28 (11), 3578-3606 (2016). 3. W. Li, Y.-G. Cho, W. Yao, Y. Li, A. Cronk, R. Shimizu, M. A. Schroeder, Y. Fu, F. Zou, V. Battaglia, A. Manthiram, M. Zhang and Y. S. Meng, J. Power Sources, 473, (2020)

Is the early-onset torsion dystonia (EOTD) linked to TOR1A gene as frequent as expected in France?

International audienceEarly onset torsion dystonia are rare movement disorders. Molecular defect is known for only a subgroup, consisting of a unique and recurrent mutation in the TOR1A gene. We undertook a nationwide census of French TOR1A-mutation carriers and the assessment of clinical associated signs. Overall, 53 index cases and 104 relatives were studied and haplotypes linked to the mutation constructed. The previously reported Ashkenazi-Jewish haplotype was found in 11 families with the remainder carrying distinct haplotypes suggesting independent mutation events. This study demonstrates the scarcity of this disease in France with estimated disease frequency of 0.13:100,000 and mutation frequency of 0.17:100,000

Escherichia coli–Specific CXCL13-Producing TFH Are Associated with Clinical Efficacy of Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade against Muscle- Invasive Bladder Cancer

International audienceBiomarkers guiding the neoadjuvant use of immune-checkpoint blockers (ICB) are needed for patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC). Pro-filing tumor and blood samples, we found that follicular helper CD4+T cells (TFH) are among the best therapeutic targets of pembrolizumab correlating with progression-free survival. TFH were associated with tumoral CD8 and PD-L1 expression at baseline and the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures after pembrolizumab. Blood central memory TFH accumulated in tumors where they produce CXCL13, a chemokine found in the plasma of responders only. IgG4+CD38+TFH residing in bladder tissues cor-related with clinical benefit. Finally, TFH and IgG directed against urothelium-invasive Escherichia coli dictated clinical responses to pembrolizumab in three independent cohorts. The links between tumor infection and success of ICB immunomodulation should be prospectively assessed at a larger scale. SIGNIFICANCE: In patients with bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab, E. coli– specific CXCL13 producing TFH and IgG constitute biomarkers that predict clinical benefit. Beyond its role as a biomarker, such immune responses against E. coli might be harnessed for future therapeutic strategies

Escherichia coli –Specific CXCL13-Producing TFH Are Associated with Clinical Efficacy of Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade against Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

International audienceAbstract Biomarkers guiding the neoadjuvant use of immune-checkpoint blockers (ICB) are needed for patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC). Profiling tumor and blood samples, we found that follicular helper CD4+ T cells (TFH) are among the best therapeutic targets of pembrolizumab correlating with progression-free survival. TFH were associated with tumoral CD8 and PD-L1 expression at baseline and the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures after pembrolizumab. Blood central memory TFH accumulated in tumors where they produce CXCL13, a chemokine found in the plasma of responders only. IgG4+CD38+ TFH residing in bladder tissues correlated with clinical benefit. Finally, TFH and IgG directed against urothelium-invasive Escherichia coli dictated clinical responses to pembrolizumab in three independent cohorts. The links between tumor infection and success of ICB immunomodulation should be prospectively assessed at a larger scale. Significance: In patients with bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab, E. coli–specific CXCL13 producing TFH and IgG constitute biomarkers that predict clinical benefit. Beyond its role as a biomarker, such immune responses against E. coli might be harnessed for future therapeutic strategies. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 222