Competitividad y medio ambiente: la construcción de patrones exportadores sustentables en América Latina

In this study we discuss the need to develop sustainable export patterns in Latin America that fulfill two criteria: reduce the importance of activities that impose the greatest environmental impacts and increase the relevance of activities and products with a higher technological content, since these are the most dynamic in international markets, tend to be cleaner, and present positive spillovers to the rest of the economy. We propose a conceptual framework and analyze the export profiles of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, where the heterogeneity among Latin American countries is evident. We conclude that the development of sustainable export patterns will require decisive actions in the environmental and technological domains.trade; environment; technological development; Latin America

Competitividad y Medio Ambiente: la Construcción de Patrones Exportadores Sustentables en América Latina

En este estudio se discute la necesidad de desarrollar patrones exportadores sustentables en América Latina que cumplan dos criterios: la disminución la importancia de las actividades con los mayores impactos ambientales, y aumentan la relevancia de actividades y productos con mayor contenido tecnológico, ya que éstos son los más dinámicos en los mercados mundiales, tienden a ser más limpios, y presentan mayores derrames al resto de la economía. Se propone un marco conceptual y se analizan los perfiles exportadores de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y México, en donde queda de manifiesto la heterogeneidad existente entre los países de la región. Se concluye que la configuración de patrones exportadores sustentables requerirá de acciones decididas en los ámbitos ambiental y tecnológico.

Construcción de aulas educativas

El proyecto se trató de la construcción de onces aulas escolares, un taller de ciencias y un aula para maestros, por parte de la constructora Bolívar, como parte de la solución a una problemática generada por la deserción escolar que se estaba presentando en la vereda de Quiba, ubicada en la zona rural de la Localidad de Ciudad Bolívar en la ciudad de Bogotá, lo cual ha generado problemas de seguridad, disminución en la calidad de la mano de obra, dificultades de índole social y económico. El problema se resuelve estructurando un proyecto de construcción mencionado anteriormente, cumpliendo con cada uno de los requisitos establecidos para cada una de las etapas del proyecto, el cual tiene una duración de 152 días, apoyado en un equipo de trabajo interdisciplinario, priorizando la mano de obra local, manteniendo los criterios de calidad aplicables al proyecto.The project involved the construction of eleven school classrooms, a science workshop and a classroom for teachers, by the construction company Bolívar, as part of the solution to a problem generated by the school dropout that was occurring in the Quiba village, located in the rural area of ​​the town of Ciudad Bolívar in the city ​​of Bogotá, which has generated security problems, a decrease in the quality of labor, difficulties of a social and economic nature. The problem is solves by structuring a construction project mentioned above, complying with each of the requirements established for each of the stages of the project, which lasts 152 days, supported by a work team interdisciplinary, prioritizing local workforce, maintaining quality criteria applicable to the project

Eu-Doped BaTiO3 Powder and Film from Sol-Gel Process with Polyvinylpyrrolidone Additive

Transparent BaTiO3:Eu3+ films were prepared via a sol-gel method and dip-coating technique, using barium acetate, titanium butoxide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as modifier viscosity. BaTiO3:Eu3+ films ~500 nm thick, crystallized after thermal treatment at 700 ºC. The powders revealed spherical and rod shape morphology. The optical quality of films showed a predominant band at 615 nm under 250 nm excitation. A preliminary luminescent test provided the properties of the Eu3+ doped BaTiO3

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk