Identifying Linear Relational Concepts in Large Language Models

Transformer language models (LMs) have been shown to represent concepts as directions in the latent space of hidden activations. However, for any given human-interpretable concept, how can we find its direction in the latent space? We present a technique called linear relational concepts (LRC) for finding concept directions corresponding to human-interpretable concepts at a given hidden layer in a transformer LM by first modeling the relation between subject and object as a linear relational embedding (LRE). While the LRE work was mainly presented as an exercise in understanding model representations, we find that inverting the LRE while using earlier object layers results in a powerful technique to find concept directions that both work well as a classifier and causally influence model outputs

An Optimal Construction Morphology Approach to Augment Consonants in Kannada

BLS 39: General Session and Special Session on Space and Directionalit

Simulation of Micro-Electronic FlowFET Systems

A microelectronic fluidic system has been investigated by modeling and 3D simulation of fluid flow controlled by an applied gate voltage. The simulations have helped to characterize a novel FlowFET (a fluidic Field Effect Transistor) device under fault-free conditions. The FlowFET operates by applying a voltage field from a gate electrode in the insulated side wall of a microchannel to modulate the ␣-potential at the shear plane [1]. The change in ␣-potential can be used to control both the magnitude and direction of the electroosmotic flow in the microchannel

Neizvjesnost ekonomske politike i prinos na tržištu nekretnina u Njemačkoj na primjeru bootstrap metode

The purpose of this investigation is to research the causal link between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and the housing returns (HR) in Germany. In the estimated vector autoregressive models, we test its stability and find the short-run relationship between HR and EPU is unstable. As a result, a time-varying approach (bootstrap rolling window causality test) is utilized to revisit the dynamic causal link, and we find EPU has no impact on HR due to the stability of the real estate market in Germany. HR does not have significant effects on EPU in most time periods. However, significant feedback in several sub-periods (both positive and negative) are found from HR to EPU, which indicates the causal link from HR to EPU varies over time. The empirical results do not support the general equilibrium model of government policy choices that indicate EPU does not play a role in the real estate market. The basic conclusion is that the real estate market shows its stability due to the social welfare nature and the rational institutional arrangement of the real estate in Germany, and the real estate market also shows its importance that it has significant effect on the economic policy choice in some periods when negative external shocks occur.Svrha ovog istraživanja je ispitati uzročno-posljedičnu vezu između neizvjesnosti ekonomske politike (NEP) i prinosa na tržištu nekretnina (PTN) u Njemačkoj. U vektorskim auto-regresijskim modelima testirana je stabilnost odnosa NEP-a i PTN-a i utvrđeno je da je kratkoročni odnos između NEP-a i PTN-a nestabilan. Kao rezultat, metoda kliznog vremenskog okvira promatranja podataka (bootstrap test kauzalnosti) koristi se da bi se preispitala dinamična uzročno-posljedična veza (veza kauzalnosti) i utvrđeno je da NEP nema utjecaja na PTN zahvaljujući stabilnosti tržišta nekretnina u Njemačkoj. U većini vremenskih razdoblja, PTN nema značajan utjecaj na NEP. Međutim, značajne povratne informacije u nekoliko pod-razdoblja (i pozitivne i negativne) ukazuju na kauzalnu vezu PTN-a prema NEP-u koja varira tijekom vremena. Empirijski rezultati ne podupiru model opće ravnoteže vladine politike izbora što ukazuje na to da NEP ne utječe na tržište nekretnina. Temeljni zaključak je da tržište nekretnina pokazuje svoju stabilnost zahvaljujući socijalnoj skrbi i racionalnom institucijskom uređenju tržišta nekretnina u Njemačkoj, a isto tako i tržište nekretnina pokazuje da ima značajan utjecaj na ekonomsku politiku izbora u nekim razdobljima kod pojave negativnih vanjskih šokova

Managing Distress Using Mobile Prescriptions of Psychological Pills: A First 6-Month Effectiveness Study of the PsyPills App

Background: Although numerous mental health apps are commercially available, only a few of them have been empirically tested. PsyPills is an interactive and personalized mobile application, based on emotion regulation research and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy principles, that can function as a stand-alone intervention aimed at offering immediate stress relief.Objective: In this paper, we describe the newly developed PsyPills app and present data obtained at 6 months after its release regarding its effectiveness for stress management.Methods: 115 users aged 15–79 years old (M = 39.01, SD = 13.49) accessed the app during the first 6 months after its release and were thus included in the study. Distress and specific cognitive processes were collected using visual analog scale measures.Results: Most users accessed the app with the purpose of searching anxiety relief and most often reported work-related distress. Seventy-Four users accessed PsyPills between 1 and 11 times (M = 2.68, SD = 2.59), and received 258 psychological prescriptions in total. PsyPills was effective in terms of reducing the frequency of dysfunctional emotions, such that significantly more users reported feeling functional emotions after accessing the application and reading its personalized prescriptions than those reporting not being able to change it [χ2 (1, N = 52) = 52.00 p < 0.001]. Using reminders of the psychological pill at specific times during the day made the PsyPills app more effective.Conclusions: Based on initial data on its first 6-month usage, the PsyPills app appears to be promising in terms of offering stress relief. However, future studies need to use golden standard design and investigate its efficacy as an adjunctive intervention

Fabrication of Defect-Free P84® Polyimide Hollow Fiber for Gas Separation: Pathway to Formation of Optimized Structure

The elimination of the additional defect healing post-treatment step in asymmetric hollow fiber manufacturing would result in a significant reduction in membrane production cost. However, obtaining integrally skinned polymeric asymmetric hollow fiber membranes with an ultrathin and defect-free selective layer is quite challenging. In this study, P84® asymmetric hollow fiber membranes with a highly thin (~56 nm) defect-free skin were successfully fabricated by fine tuning the dope composition and spinning parameters using volatile additive (tetrahydrofuran, THF) as key parameters. An extensive experimental and theoretical study of the influence of volatile THF addition on the solubility parameter of the N-methylpyrrolidone/THF solvent mixture was performed. Although THF itself is not a solvent for P84®, in a mixture with a good solvent for the polymer, like N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), it can be dissolved at high THF concentrations (NMP/THF ratio > 0.52). The as-spun fibers had a reproducible ideal CO2/N2 selectivity of 40, and a CO2 permeance of 23 GPU at 35 °C. The fiber production can be scaled-up with retention of the selectivity.This research was funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013), grant agreement no. 608490, M4CO2 project