Role of the Ajuba LIM Proteins in Epithelial Growth Regulation

The mammalian Ajuba LIM proteins: Ajuba, LIMD1, WTIP) are cytosolic adapter proteins recruited to nascent epithelial adherens junctions, where they are thought to contribute to junctional assembly and/or stability. They also shuttle into the nucleus acting as corepressors of the Snail family of transcriptional repressors, thereby contributing to epithelial mesenchymal transition. As such they have the potential to communicate cell adhesive events with nuclear responses to remodel epithelia. Determining their role(s) in vivo, however, has been challenging due to shared interacting proteins, overlapping tissue expression and functional redundancy in cells. Thus, we turned to the Drosophila model system where a single gene, CG11063 or djub, exists. The generation and analysis of Drosophila containing djub mutant loss-of-function alleles or depleted of dJub by RNAi identify djub as an essential gene required for normal development and a novel regulator of epithelial organ growth as a component of the conserved Hippo pathway, which has been implicated in both tissue size control and cancer development. djub-deficient epithelial tissues were small due to decreased cell numbers resulting from increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation due to the downregulation of DIAP1 and cyclin E, phenocopying tissues deficient for Yorkie: Yki), the downstream target of the Hippo pathway. djub genetically interacts with the Hippo pathway, and genetic epistasis suggests that djub influences wts activity. In mammalian and Drosophila cells, Ajuba LIM proteins/dJub specifically interact with LATS/Wts and WW45/Sav to inhibit phosphorylation of YAP/Yki. This work describes a novel role for the Ajuba LIM proteins as negative regulators of the Hpo signaling pathway

Role of the Ajuba LIM Proteins in Epithelial Growth Regulation

The mammalian Ajuba LIM proteins: Ajuba, LIMD1, WTIP) are cytosolic adapter proteins recruited to nascent epithelial adherens junctions, where they are thought to contribute to junctional assembly and/or stability. They also shuttle into the nucleus acting as corepressors of the Snail family of transcriptional repressors, thereby contributing to epithelial mesenchymal transition. As such they have the potential to communicate cell adhesive events with nuclear responses to remodel epithelia. Determining their role(s) in vivo, however, has been challenging due to shared interacting proteins, overlapping tissue expression and functional redundancy in cells. Thus, we turned to the Drosophila model system where a single gene, CG11063 or djub, exists. The generation and analysis of Drosophila containing djub mutant loss-of-function alleles or depleted of dJub by RNAi identify djub as an essential gene required for normal development and a novel regulator of epithelial organ growth as a component of the conserved Hippo pathway, which has been implicated in both tissue size control and cancer development. djub-deficient epithelial tissues were small due to decreased cell numbers resulting from increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation due to the downregulation of DIAP1 and cyclin E, phenocopying tissues deficient for Yorkie: Yki), the downstream target of the Hippo pathway. djub genetically interacts with the Hippo pathway, and genetic epistasis suggests that djub influences wts activity. In mammalian and Drosophila cells, Ajuba LIM proteins/dJub specifically interact with LATS/Wts and WW45/Sav to inhibit phosphorylation of YAP/Yki. This work describes a novel role for the Ajuba LIM proteins as negative regulators of the Hpo signaling pathway

Multifractal scaling of electronic transmission resonances in perfect and imperfect Fibonacci δ\delta-function potentials

We present here a detailed multifractal scaling study for the electronic transmission resonances with the system size for an infinitely large one dimensional perfect and imperfect quasiperiodic system represented by a sequence of $\delta$-function potentials. The electronic transmission resonances in the energy minibands manifest more and more fragmented nature of the transmittance with the change of system sizes. We claim that when a small perturbation is randomly present at a few number of sites, the nature of electronic states will change and this can be understood by studying the electronic transmittance with the change of system size. We report the different critical states manifested in the size variation of the transmittance corresponding to the resonant energies for both perfect and imperfect cases through multifractal scaling study for few of these resonances.Comment: 7 pages, (Hard copies of 5 figures available on request from [email protected]

Unusual landings of “blue spotted job fish”, Pristipomoides filamentosus (Val.) by the hand operated hooks and lines at New Ferry Wharf

New Ferry Wharf landing centre is one of the major landing centres in Maharashtra where about 95'Mj of total annual fish catch is landed bymechanised trawlers and the remaining by gillnetters, dol netters and purse seiners. It was unsualto note that two hand operated hooks and linerslanded huge catch of "blue spotted job fish" on22/03/2002

Self-consistent triaxial de Zeeuw-Carollo Models

We use the usual method of Schwarzschild to construct self-consistent solutions for the triaxial de Zeeuw & Carollo (1996) models with central density cusps. ZC96 models are triaxial generalisations of spherical $\gamma$-models of Dehnen whose densities vary as $r^{-\gamma}$ near the center and $r^{-4}$ at large radii and hence, possess a central density core for $\gamma=0$ and cusps for $\gamma > 0$. We consider four triaxial models from ZC96, two prolate triaxials: $(p, q) = (0.65, 0.60)$ with $\gamma = 1.0$ and 1.5, and two oblate triaxials: $(p, q) = (0.95, 0.60)$ with $\gamma = 1.0$ and 1.5. We compute 4500 orbits in each model for time periods of $10^{5} T_{D}$. We find that a large fraction of the orbits in each model are stochastic by means of their nonzero Liapunov exponents. The stochastic orbits in each model can sustain regular shapes for $\sim 10^{3} T_{D}$ or longer, which suggests that they diffuse slowly through their allowed phase-space. Except for the oblate triaxial models with $\gamma =1.0$, our attempts to construct self-consistent solutions employing only the regular orbits fail for the remaining three models. However, the self-consistent solutions are found to exist for all models when the stochastic and regular orbits are treated in the same way because the mixing-time, $\sim10^{4} T_{D}$, is shorter than the integration time, $10^{5} T_{D}$. Moreover, the ``fully-mixed'' solutions can also be constructed for all models when the stochastic orbits are fully mixed at 15 lowest energy shells. Thus, we conclude that the self-consistent solutions exist for our selected prolate and oblate triaxial models with $\gamma = 1.0$ and 1.5.Comment: 6 Pages, 3 Figures, 2 Tables. Accepted for Publication in A&

Mesoscopic Transport: The Electron-Gas Sum Rules in a Driven Quantum Point Contact

The nature of the electron gas is characterized, above all, by its multi-particle correlations. The conserving sum rules for the electron gas have been thoroughly studied for many years, and their centrality to the physics of metallic conduction is widely understood (at least in the many-body community). We review the role of the conserving sum rules in mesoscopic transport, as normative criteria for assessing the conserving status of mesoscopic models. In themselves, the sum rules are specific enough to rule out any such theory if it fails to respect the conservation laws. Of greater interest is the capacity of the compressibility sum rule, in particular, to reveal unexpected fluctuation effects in nonuniform mesoscopic structures.Comment: TeX, 11pp, no fi

A family of triaxial modified Hubble mass models: effects of the additional radial functions

The projected properties of triaxial generalization of the modified Hubble mass models are studied. These models are constructed by adding the additional radial functions, each multiplied by a low-order spherical harmonic, to the models of \citet{ct00}. The projected surface density of mass models can be calculated analytically which allows us to derive the analytic expressions of axial ratio and position angles of major axis of constant density elliptical contours at asymptotic radii. The models are more general than those studied earlier in the sense that the inclusions of additional terms in density distribution, allows one to produce varieties of the radial profile of axial ratio and position angle, in particular, their small scale variations at inner radii. Strong correlations are found to exist between the observed axial ratio evaluated at $0.25 R_{e}$ and at $4 R_{e}$ which occupy well-separated regions in the parameter space for different choices of the intrinsic axial ratios. These correlations can be exploited to predict the intrinsic shape of the mass model, independent of the viewing angles. Using Bayesian statistics, the result of a test case launched for an estimation of the shape of a model galaxy is found to be satisfactory.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in New Astronom

Ray skin- an emerging unconventional source of leather

Due to the ever-increasing demand for leather products, alternative sources are constantly being explored. Of late, a new trend in using fish skin is gaining momentum, which may become an important event in the development of leather industry. Fish leather has a good tensile strength as any other leather. The process is highly cost-effective, as the raw material generated is generally discarded at fish markets