Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for Orofacial Pain

Low-power lasers are a group of lasers with a power less than 500 mW and unlike high-power lasers they have no effect on tissue temperature; they produce light-dependent chemical reactions in tissues. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical applications of these lasers and their success rate in different studies in orofacial pains. The articles with the key word “low level laser therapy” were extracted from pubmed. Clinical trials, meta-analysis, randomized clinical trials, and review articles were selected. Related articles to orofacial region were gathered and selected from the search results and carefully reviewed. Laser therapy may affect many cellular and sub-cellular processes, although exact mechanism has not been well-defined yet. Articles had different points of views as mentioned in the context of this article. Low level laser therapy was effective in orofacial pain relief in most studies, but the use of laser remains controversial. These lasers have analgesic features, and it is according to these features they have been used in the treatment of orofacial pain, Including myofacial pain, mucositis, facial myalgia, temporomandibular joint disorders and neuralgia. It seems that laser therapy can be considered as an alternative physical modality in treatment of orofacial pain

The evaluation of psychiatric drug therapy on oral lichen planus patients with psychiatric disorders

Objectives: Current treatments of oral lichen planus are palliative, not curative. Because psychiatric disorders significantly influence the development and severity of oral lichen planus, the use of psychiatric drug therapy may be an adjunct in treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of drug therapy of psychiatric disorders in oral lichen planus. Study design: Our controlled clinical study consisted of forty-six patients with oral lichen planus and psychiatric disorders who were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups were given topical corticosteroids and the study group received additional psychiatric drug therapy. Patients were monitored for a period of 6 months. Response to treatment was evaluated in each group and was compared with the other group using Mann-Whitney tests. We evaluated the correlation between psychiatric disorders and the recovery of oral lesions using Spearman?s correlation coefficient analysis. Results: Decrease in the size of the lesions was significantly greater in the study group after six months, but this difference was not significant in relationship to the pain experienced and the kind of lesion. Spearman?s correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated that, in the sixth month, there was a significant and direct relationship between recovery from the psychiatric disorders and response to treatment of OLP lesions, particularly as it pertained to the kind of lesion. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the combination of psychiatric drug therapy and routine treatment methods were effective in reducing the size of the lesions, but did not have any significant effect on the symptoms

Clinical and histopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma of young patients in Mashhad, Iran : a retrospective study and review of literatures

Objectives: Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is primarily a disease that mainly occurs in males in their sixth and seventh decades of life and is rare in young adults. Study Design: In this retrospective study, records of patients under the age of 40, with the diagnosis of OSCC in the Oral Medicine Department of Mashhad Dental Faculty during the past 13 years were analyzed. Their socioeconomic data, demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics, risk factors, familial history were assessed and applicable studies and case reports in the literatures were reviewed. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) analysis was also done for detection of human papilloma virus (HPV). Results: From 158 cases of OSCC diagnosed in our centre, 21 patients were younger than 40 years. Most of them were young men (12 cases). There was no significant risk factor in this group. The most common site of involvement was the tongue. The most common clinical presentation was exophytic lesion with ulcer. No HPV DNA was detected in these patients. Conclusion: Characteristics of OSCC in young patients are different from older age group. Major risk factors (smoking and alcohol consumption and HPV) were not etiologic factors for OSCC in young patients in our province. © Medicina Oral S. L

Evaluation of Risk Factors in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Case Control Study

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Since there are many factors that influence the development of cancer, identifying risk factors plays an important role in cancer prevention. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the risk factors for HNSCC in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, 76 patients with HNSCC were included as the case and 91 healthy people as the control group. A checklist of risk factors was completed for each participant and the two groups were compared for the presence of risk factors. Chi-square, t test, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the data. Odds ratios (ORs) for several factors have also been determined. Findings: The educational level and body mass index (BMI) of the patients in the case group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of risk factors such as tobacco smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and its duration (P=0.001, P<0.001, P=0.05), as well as the duration of hookah smoking, opium consumed per day and use of alcohol (P=0.023, P<0.001, P=0.015). Conclusion: There was a direct relationship between HNSCC and risk factors such as cigarette smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of cigarette consumption and hookah, opium consumed per day, and alcohol use. However, extensive studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better assess the impact of these factors and generalize the results

T-Cell Lymphoma of Palate with Nose and Maxillary Sinus Involvement: A Case Report

Oral cavity T-cell lymphoma occurs rarely. This case reportdescribes a patient with such a tumor. The case was a 75 yearsold man presented with a painless swelling on his hard palatemucosa. He had suffered from nose- bleeding and nasal obstruction.Pathology revealed the presence of a T-cell lymphomatumor in the palate. Though rare, the signs and symptomsof the case suggest that T-cell lymphoma should be consideredin the differential diagnosis of oral cavity lesions

Oral Cancer Awareness of People Attending the Oral Medicine Center of Zahedan Dental School

Abstract: Despite persistent attention to early detection and treatment, cancer remains important public health problem and cause of death. Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. Oral SCC is a important public health threat over the world. W e studied to access awareness about oral cancer among patients attending for dental treatment at dental school. W e studied in a cross sectional -descriptive survey 200 persons attending to oral medicine center of Zahedan dental school. The questionnaire consisted of 14 questions about demographic information and signs and symptoms, risk factors of oral cancer. Finally, the achieved information analyzed by SPSS 13 software and statistic test of chi square. Patient&apos;s knowledge level about oral cancer were as follow: Among the people, %37 of patients had poor knowledge, %57.5 moderate knowledge and %5.5 good knowledge about oral cancer. The relation between the studied patient&apos;s knowledge with educational level was significant (P&lt;0.05). Gender, age, occupation and source of information did not have significant relation with patient&apos;s oral cancer knowledge (P&gt;0.05). Majority of the respondents had moderate level of knowledge about oral cancer. There was a significant relationship between educational level and oral cancer knowledge

The Effect of Low-level Laser Therapy on Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Review of Literature

The effect of low intensity laser radiation in the treatment of acute and chronic pain is now established in many studies. Trigeminal neuralgia is a pain passes through nerve’s branches and its trigger is located in skin or mucosa that could lead to pain with a trigger stimulus. The pain involved branches of trigeminal nerve that sometimes has patients to seek the treatment for several years. Nowadays different treatments are used for relief of pain that most of them cause tolerance and various side effects. This paper reviews and summarizes scientific papers available in English literature published in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Inter science, and Iran Medex from 1986 until July 2011 about the effect of these types of lasers on trigeminal neuralgia which is one of the most painful afflictions known. In different studies, the effect of laser therapy has been compared with placebo irradiation or medicinal and surgical treatment modalities. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a treatment strategy which uses a single wavelength light source. Laser radiation and monochromatic light may alter cell and tissue function. However, in most studies laser therapy was associated with significant reduction in the intensity and frequency of pain compared with other treatment strategies, a few studies revealed that between laser and placebo group there was not any significant difference according to the analgesic effect. Low-level laser therapy could be considered in treatment of trigeminal neuralgia without any side effects

The Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A New Target for the Treatment

Within a single tumor clone, cells have significantly different abilities to proliferate and form new tumors. This has led to the hypothesis that most cells in a cancer have a limited ability to divide and only a small subset of distinct cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs), has the capacity to self-renew and form new tumors . It has been proposed that the development of tumors is based exclusively on the activity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) leading to a new model of carcinogenesis, the CSC hypothesis, in opposition to the conventional model of clonal evolution. Current failure of cancer therapies may be due to their lesser effect on potentially CSCs which remain vital and retain their full capacity to repopulate the tumor. Treatment strategies for the elimination of cancer therefore need to consider the consequences of the presence of CSCs. However, the development of new CSC-targeted strategies is currently hindered by the lack of reliable markers for the identification. We review current knowledge on stem cells in relation to oral cancer, focusing on the CSC hypothesis of oral tumor genesis.   Keyword:cancer stem cell, carcinom

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Objectives: Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (MEH) is benign, asymptomatic oral disease with viral etiology. The frequency of this disease varies widely from one geographic region to another, and can vary, from 0.002 to 35% depending on the population studied. Study design: Here we report the clinicopathological features of twelve cases of MEH referred to Oral Medicine Department of Mashhad Dental School for the first time in Iran. Records of patients with the diagnosis of MEH in our department during 7 years were analyzed and data were extracted. Results: Most of the patients were younger than 20-year-old (66%), and females were predominantly affected (7:12). The mean age of onset was 12.72±10.14 years and the mean duration was 52.54 ± 78.51 months. Patients had multiple, well circumscribed, soft, non tender, flattened papules, with a color similar to the adjacent mucosa, in different areas of the oral cavity but the most affected site was buccal mucosa. Familial history of such lesions was negative in all patients. Only three cases showed spontaneous regression. Conclusion: In spite of rare nature of this disease in Asia, it seems that it is not the case in Khorasan Province, southeast Iran