A Model for Components Library Based on Multi- level Assemblies and Parts Family

Abstract-Parts (and components) family is presented to realize another information expression method for the tabular layouts of article characteristics, and given a uniform and formal definition, including the template model, the attribute set and the family member. The principles and methods of grading to construct components family is discussed, which components, sub-assembly and parts are described with associated attributes in their respective levels. The links between components, subassembly and parts are established through member attribute, reducing attributes number of components and subassembly, reusing parts library, and achieving efficiently for building components library. For an example, the reuse library of diestamping components is established for the mold design

Dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride by hydrothermal treatment with cupric ion

Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) is able to remove chlorine effectively from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), however, the reaction temperature is critical in practical application. Less energy-intensive hydrothermal dechlorination condition with cupric ion (Cu2+) has been proposed in this study. In particular, Cu2+ was applied in HTT of PVC at temperature ranging from 200 °C to 240 °C. It has been found that the introduction of Cu2+ distinctly accelerated PVC decomposition and dechlorination at 220 °C. When Cu2+ concentration was increased from 0.01 mol/L to 0.20 mol/L, the dechlorination efficiency was significantly improved from 15.46 %–67.89 %. Dramatic dechlorination occurred as residence time was longer than 15 min during HTT. Besides, both elimination and substitution dominated the HTT dechlorinaton. The facilitated dechlorination after the addition of Cu2+ was mainly due to the enhanced dispersion and formation of micropores in hydrochar. On the whole, HTT could be a promising pretreatment technology for copper-containing PVC in electronic wastes to prepared chlorine free hydrochar for combustion or pyrolysis applications, the optimal HTT condition would be 220 °C, 60 min with 0.1 mol/L Cu2+.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Consensus Control of Nonlinear Multiagent Systems with Incremental Quadratic Constraints and Time Delays

This paper considers the problem of consensus control for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems with incremental quadratic constraints and time delays. Each agent exchanges state information through a strongly connected communication topology. Based on the information obtained from neighboring agents, a distributed consensus protocol is designed. A delay-independent consensus condition is formed for the protocol to solve the consensus problem by employing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method. In order to deal with the nonlinear terms in matrix inequalities, an iterative algorithm is proposed by using the Schur complement lemma and the cone complementary linearization method. The nonlinearities under consideration are more general than many other nonlinearities considered in related literature studies since the incremental quadratic constraints include many other known nonlinearities as some special cases. Finally, we give a numerical example to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed consensus control protocol

Characterization of coal pyrolysis in indirectly heated fixed bed based on field effects

This study is devoted to characterizing the coal pyrolysis performance based on field effects in five fixed bed reactors with different radiuses. The results showed that the increased reactor radius raised the coal bed thickness, thereby modifying the temperatures and extending the reaction time to reach 500 degrees C. At a furnace temperature of 900 degrees C, the increased coal bed thickness from 20 mm to 100 mm decreased the tar yield from 7.24 wt% to 5.62 wt%, while it raised the light tar content from 76.4 wt% to 83.0 wt% in the reactor with internals (reactor B). In contrast, in the reactor without internals (reactor A), the tar yield varied marginally and remained at 4.73 wt% but the light tar content increased from 69.5 wt% to 74.7 wt%. The increased coal bed thickness resulted in an increase in the tar quality but a decrease in the gas HHV (higher heating value) for both reactors. However, with the increase of coal bed thickness, reactor B always provides a higher yield and quality of tar and gas but lower pyrolysis water yield than reactor A, indicating that the internals suppressed the secondary reaction of pyrolysis products and the increase in coal bed thickness did not weaken this advantage of internals. The char HHV located in the center of the reactor with internals was higher than that of the reactor without internals; this was postulated that the pyrolysis products escaped from the central low-temperature coal bed, which enhanced carbon deposition. As expected, EDS results proved the postulation and showed that the char in the center of the reactor B had more carbon species. In addition, the color changes of quartz sand in the before and after tests first verified the flow field of pyrolysis products in phenomenology. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p

Multiplexed Single‐Cell Rheology Probing Using Surface Acoustic Waves

Cellular rheological properties affect cell function and are reflective of cell status. It is challenging to perform multiplexed single‐cell rheology probing with high controllability, particularly for adherent cells. A surface acoustic wave (SAW)‐based method is presented for this purpose. The method integrates the potent micromanipulation ability of acoustic waves in a microfluidic chamber with the ability of cell‐anchored microbeads to concentrate the acoustic energy to deform the cell. Two strategies are developed for placing a targeted microbead at a desired position on the cell membrane. The power‐law rheological dynamics with plastic components are applied to fit the creep (during the mechanical loading) and relaxation (after force removal) responses of the cell. With more than 400 measurements of adherent cells and each with detailed dynamics, a full range of viscoelastic behaviors of cells far beyond the typical rheology of previously reported adherent cells and unexpected negative plastic compliance is observed. The developed method supports in‐depth investigations of biomechanics at the cellular and subcellular levels, with considerable potential for extension to mechanical force‐based cell function regulation