Digital Twin for Smart Cities: An Enabler for Large-Scale Enterprise Interoperability

In a context of increasingly connected production systems and ambient intelligence, the digital twin is an approach that is becoming increasingly popular to help control and pilot such systems. The interest for the digital twin is to be able to meet a need for modeling and piloting as close as possible to the physical system and a better anticipation of behavior. How, in this context, the question of the composition of digital twins to model a system of systems, where each system already has its own digital twin? This paper examines such a question from the perspective of digital twin for smart cities. The position adopted here is the concept of Digital Industrial Territories, a middleware for large scale interoperability between digital twins of enterprises involved in multiple supply chains (energy, transport, health, etc.). © 2022 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved

A Simulation Based Approach to Digital Twin’s Interoperability Verification & Validation

The digital twins of production systems are one of the pillars of the Indus-try of the Future. Despite numerous on-going research and development initiatives the verification and validation of the digital twin remains a major scientific obstacle. This work proposes a simulation-based approach to achieve this goal: support Digital Twin verification and validation through the definition of a dedicated framework. A simulation model is used in place of the real-world system for ensuring the digital twin behaves as expected and for assessing its proper interoperability with the system to be twinned with. Then the simulation model is replaced by the real-world sys-tem, to interoperate with the verified and validated digital twin. With such an approach, the interoperability middleware, i.e. the IoT between the sys-tem and its digital twin can also be modeled, simulated, verified and vali-dated. Consequently, an optimized solution can be built for an entire value chain, from the system to its digital twin and conversely. © 2022 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved

Business models for distributed-simulation orchestration and risk management

Nowadays, industries are implementing heterogeneous systems from different domains, backgrounds, and operating systems. Manufacturing systems are becoming more and more complex, which forces engineers to manage the complexity in several aspects. Technical complexities bring interoperability, risk management, and hazards issues that must be taken into consideration, from the business model design to the technical implementation. To solve the complexities and the incompatibilities between heterogeneous components, several distributed and cosimulation standards and tools can be used for data exchange and interconnection. High-level architecture (HLA) and functional mockup interface (FMI) are the main international standards used for distributed and cosimulation. HLA is mainly used in academic and defense domains while FMI is mostly used in industry. In this article, we propose an HLA/FMI implementation with a connection to an external business process-modeling tool called Papyrus. Papyrus is configured as a master federate that orchestrates the subsimulations based on the above standards. The developed framework is integrated with external heterogeneous components through an FMI interface. This framework is developed with the aim of bringing interoperability to a system used in a power generation compan

Demand forecasting by temporal aggregation

Demand forecasting performance is subject to the uncertainty underlying the time series an organization is dealing with. There are many approaches that may be used to reduce uncertainty and thus to improve forecasting performance. One intuitively appealing such approach is to aggregate demand in lower-frequency “time buckets.” The approach under concern is termed to as temporal aggregation, and in this article, we investigate its impact on forecasting performance. We assume that the nonaggregated demand follows either a moving average process of order one or a first-order autoregressive process and a single exponential smoothing (SES) procedure is used to forecast demand. These demand processes are often encountered in practice and SES is one of the standard estimators used in industry. Theoretical mean-squared error expressions are derived for the aggregated and nonaggregated demand to contrast the relevant forecasting performances. The theoretical analysis is supported by an extensive numerical investigation and experimentation with an empirical dataset. The results indicate that performance improvements achieved through the aggregation approach are a function of the aggregation level, the smoothing constant, and the process parameters. Valuable insights are offered to practitioners and the article closes with an agenda for further research in this area

A Multicomponent Distributed Framework for Smart Production System Modeling and Simulation

In order to control manufacturing systems, managers need risk and performance evaluation methods and simulation tools. However, these simulation techniques must evolve towards being multiperformance, multiactor, and multisimulation tools, and this requires interoperability between those distributed components. This paper presents an integrated platform that brings interoperability to several simulation components. This work expands the process modeling tool Papyrus to allow it to communicate with external components through both distributed simulation and cosimulation standards. The distributed modeling and simulation framework (DMSF) platform takes its environment into consideration in order to evaluate the sustainability of the system while integrating external heterogeneous components. For instance, a DMSF connection with external IoT devices has been implemented. Moreover, the orchestration of different smart manufacturing components and services is achieved through configurable business models. As a result, an automotive industry case study has successfully been tested to demonstrate the sustainability of smart supply chains and manufacturing factories, allowing better connectivity with their real environments

Evaluation de la performance d'entreprise par les modèles

Mes travaux de recherche s'inscrivent dans le domaine de l'évaluation de la performance à partir des modèles d'entreprise. La première originalité de ces travaux a été de considérer la performance à travers la notion d'indicateurs mesurant la performance a posteriori des systèmes en exploitation. La seconde originalité a été de s'appuyer sur les modèles d'entreprise, et notamment le modèle GRAI et les modèles processus pour définir, implanter et agréger les indicateurs. La première partie des travaux s'est orientée vers la définition de systèmes d'indicateur de référence a partir de modèles de référence définis dans des domaines tels que les entreprises en réseau, la production de masse personnalisée, les systèmes intégrés QSE. L'interopérabilité organisationnelle a également été considérée comme une performance pouvant être caractérisée à l'aide de graphes et mesurée entre deux systèmes. Les travaux se sont aussi orientés vers l'analyse de la cohérence des éléments de pilotage d'un système par la formalisation et l'agrégation de la performance tant en exploitation qu'en phase de conception du système. Les travaux futurs ont pour objectifs d'améliorer l'appropriation des systèmes d'indicateurs de performance par les futurs utilisateurs. Ces travaux s'orientent tout d'abord vers une intégration macroscopiques des méthodes existantes, puis vers l'interopérabilité systèmes d'indicateurs et des outils décisionnels support pour permettre la mesure de la performance globale et locale des entreprises en réseau et enfin vers la gestion de l'évolution des entreprises par les modèles basés sur la performance.My research works are focused in the domain of performance evaluation from enterprise models. The first originality was to consider the performance through the notion of performance indicators measuring the a posteriori performance of systems in operation. The second originality of these works was to use enterprise models and in particular GRAI Models and process Models to define, implement, aggregate and verify the coherence of indicators. The first part of these works was focused on the definition of reference performance indicators systems based on enterprise reference models defined for different domains as networked enterprises, mass customisation production systems, and Quality/Security/Environment integrated systems. Organisational interoperability was also considered as a performance being able to be characterised using graphs and measured between two systems. These works were also oriented towards the coherence analysis between control variables of a system thanks to the formalisation and the aggregation of the performance for the system in operation as well as during its design. The future works aims at improving the appropriateness of performance indicators systems by the daily users. These works are focused on the macroscopic integration of existing methods, then on the interoperability between business intelligence tools and ERP and finally on the management of evolution of enterprise using model based performance

Evaluation de la performance d'entreprise par les modèles

My research works are focused in the domain of performance evaluation from enterprise models.The first originality was to consider the performance through the notion of performance indicators measuring the ”a posteriori” performance of systems in operation.The second originality of these works was to use enterprise models and in particular GRAI Models and process Models to define, implement, aggregate and verify the coherence of indicators.The first part of these works was focused on the definition of reference performance indicators systems based on enterprise reference models defined for different domains as networked enterprises, mass customisation production systems, and Quality/Security/Environment integrated systems. Organisational interoperability was also considered as a performance being able to be characterised using graphs and measured between two systems.These works were also oriented towards the coherence analysis between control variables of a system thanks to the formalisation and the aggregation of the performance for the system in operation as well as during its design.The future works aims at improving the appropriateness of performance indicators systems by the daily users. These works are focused on the macroscopic integration of existing methods, then on the interoperability between business intelligence tools and ERP and finally on the management of evolution of enterprise using model based performance.Mes travaux de recherche s'inscrivent dans le domaine de l'évaluation de la performance à partir des modèles d'entreprise. La première originalité de ces travaux a été de considérer la performance à travers la notion d'indicateurs mesurant la performance a posteriori des systèmes en exploitation. La seconde originalité a été de s'appuyer sur les modèles d'entreprise, et notamment le modèle GRAI et les modèles processus pour définir, implanter et agréger les indicateurs. La première partie des travaux s'est orientée vers la définition de systèmes d'indicateur de référence a partir de modèles de référence définis dans des domaines tels que les entreprises en réseau, la production de masse personnalisée, les systèmes intégrés QSE. L'interopérabilité organisationnelle a également été considérée comme une performance pouvant être caractérisée à l'aide de graphes et mesurée entre deux systèmes.Les travaux se sont aussi orientés vers l'analyse de la cohérence des éléments de pilotage d'un système par la formalisation et l'agrégation de la performance tant en exploitation qu'en phase de conception du système.Les travaux futurs ont pour objectifs d'améliorer l'appropriation des systèmes d'indicateurs de performance par les futurs utilisateurs. Ces travaux s'orientent tout d'abord vers une intégration macroscopiques des méthodes existantes, puis vers l'interopérabilité systèmes d'indicateurs et des outils décisionnels support pour permettre la mesure de la performance globale et locale des entreprises en réseau et enfin vers la gestion de l'évolution des entreprises par les modèles basés sur la performance

A Methodology for Manufacturing Servitization Engineering

International audienc

Enterprise modelling: from early languages to models transformation

During the last thirty years, enterprise modelling has been recognised as an efficient tool to externalise the knowledge of companies in order to understand their operations, to analyse their running and to design new systems from several points of view: functions, processes, decisions, resources, information technology. This paper aims at describing the long evolution of enterprise modelling techniques as well as one of the future challenges of these techniques: the transformation of enterprise models. So, in a first part, the paper describes the evolution of enterprise modelling techniques from the divergence era to the convergence period. In a second time, the paper focuses on the recent advances in the use of enterprise models through model driven approaches, interoperability problem solving and simulation, all these advances having the same characteristic to use the transformation of enterprise models

Reference Decision Models in the Medico-social Service Sector

Part VI: Services, Supply Chains and OperationsInternational audienceThis paper aims at defining a dedicated method to analyse existing systems and to implement target models for social and medico-social structures in France. Based on GRAI Method, one proposes generic models for decisional systems and processes. The first application presented here proves that reference models could be used to identify strengths and weaknesses but also specific performance indicators more adapted than existing ones. The main observed results are an improvement of the added value of service and an optimization of strategic management tools. In a second time, we demonstrate that it is necessary to specify reference models for each kind of the 15 structures in order to take into account the people particularisms on one hand and to improve information system to answer efficiently to user needs and institutional requests on the other hand