La pêche artisanale dans l'Economie comorienne

L'étude socio-économique de la pêche artisanale aux Comores avait pour objectif la proposition d'un cadre de politique de développement du système Pêche, Les deux axes prioritaires de ce travail portent sur les conditions de rentabilité des flottilles et sur les circuits de commercialisation. Dans un document de synthèse, des recommandations sur la définition des facteurs potentiels de croissance du secteur halieutique ont été proposées. Dans la partie spécifique des conditions de rentabilité, nous avons évalué la contribution des unités de pêche artisanale comorienne à la richesse nationale afin d'aider à définir les cadres d'une politique de développement. Pour cela, il nous a fallu établir des comptes d'exploitation pour chaque type d'embarcation et par île afin d'observer la significativité des postes de coûts et de recettes dans la rentabilité des embarcations. Dans une première partie, nous définirons les charactéristiques de la pêche artisanale aux Comores en tenant compte des zones de pêche, des espèces exploitées et de l'engin utilisé. Ceci sera complété par une typologie globale des coûts et recettes des embarcations. Dans une seconde section, nous présenterons les résultats de l'analyse de données (Analyse des Correspondances Multiples) établie à partir des principales variables liées aux aspects techniques et économiques des flottilles. Enfin, sur la base des comptes d'exploitation, nous tenterons d'évaluer le poids des consommations intermédiaires de la pêche artisanale comorienne. Nous serons alors en mesure de situer le secteur halieutique au sein de l'économie domestique. La valeur globale réalisée par l'ensemble des embarcations permettra d'apprécier leur contribution au PIB total.Keywords: Costs and revenues, Artisanal Fishing, Fleet profitabilityKeywords: Costs and revenues, Artisanal Fishing, Fleet profitabilit

Comparing Energy intensity Results for Commercial Fisheries in France

The main objectives assigned to ecosystemic indices are to fuel the debate on the best ways to reduce the impact of global warming. Fishing activities are also concerned with the debate. The assessments carried out about fish products show that the use of fuel in the fishing stage has the strongest impact on the environment. This paper addresses the issue of the significance of energy intensity from results obtained for French fishing fleets. The Atlantic French fleet exploits a hundred commercial species or more, but only a few of them are targeted. Energy intensity is estimated on the basis of global production (target and by-catch) using allocation methods. It is then possible to calculate energy needs for individual species. Moreover, fishing gears are separated in two groups, active and passive methods. Methods used in the paper are very close to Life Cycle Assessment methodology but restricting system boundaries to fishing sector. International studies devoted to energy intensity in fisheries concluded that fishing fleets are the main polluters compared to transportation of fish products and marketing sectors (land-based processors and fishmongers). Compared with measures from other international studies, the results prove to be lower when the scale of analysis is large. Quantifying intensity energy on a global scale for fisheries could then be called into question

Assessing Economic Performance and Capital Productivity in the Fisheries Sector - The Case of Fishing Vessels in Brittany (France)

Indicators of the economic performance of fishing vessels are frequently computed in many countries. Usually, measures of economic performance are based on the return on capital invested. However, several measures of capital value exist, according to the economic information available. In this paper, we use different types of information to assess capital value and economic performance of fishing vessels. On the one hand, field surveys provide technical and financial information on the main components of fishing capital (vessel, engine, electronics, and storage equipment). On the other hand, book values are given in bookkeeping databases. Both sources of information on fishing capital are used for the same set of vessels, namely the commercial fishing fleet of the French region of Brittany. Based on these two sources, several measures of economic performance can be produced, concerning return on capital and capital productivity. The measures of performance obtained are presented, and the differences between them are then discussed

Estimating Capital Value and Depreciation of Fishing Fleets: Application to French Fisheries

While the need to solve problems of overcapitalization and excess investment in fisheries is now broadly admitted, very little information exists on the level of capitalization and the structure of capital invested in the fishing sector. This paper presents the first results of a research program aiming at assessing the value of capital, investments and depreciation in fisheries. Results presented are derived from a field survey operated by Ifremer and record transaction on the fishing vessel second hand market. Statistical analysis is carried out according to a set of fishing components, such as vessel hull, engine, electronics and storage equipment. Firstly, hedonic price functions are estimated for the vessel and its main components. Secondly, a depreciation function of vessels according to their age and fleet is proposed. Finally, indicators of gross value of capital, net physical value as well as market value are estimated for different significant groups of fishing units belonging to the NSCA less than 24 m. fleet

Facteurs prédictifs et algorithme décisionnel d'hypersensibilité médicamenteuse

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF

EU assistance to Ukraine in the last ten years

After the Chernobyl nuclear accident and particularly after independence in 1991, Ukraine has received significant technical assistance from the European Union. The main mechanisms for improvement of nuclear, radiation and radioactive waste safety were the TACIS and INSC instruments. Radioactive waste management, spent fuel management, decommissioning and remediation assistance are summarized here.JRC.F.5-Nuclear Reactor Safety Assessmen

Streamlined Reprocessing Input Verification Measurements in the Euratom On-Site Laboratory at La Hague.

Abstract not availableJRC.E-Institute for Transuranium Elements (Karlsruhe

Challenges for education & training for nuclear safeguards and non-proliferation

The original pessimism of one decade ago with great concern of vanishing nuclear knowledge is turning around with the several international education and training initiatives in the nuclear field. Moreover past lessons learnt resulted in the concept of including also non-proliferation by reactor design. Nuclear safeguards is a supranational issue, for which training remained a niche for the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Europe and even with limited competition worldwide. The JRC has more than 30 year experience in providing Nuclear Safeguards courses to inspectors. Moreover the lack of safeguards in the academic curriculum of nuclear students is recently tackled by the European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA) and filled with a course hosted at JRC. For the last five years, as part of the international effort to promote nuclear knowledge, ESARDA¿s Working Group Training and Knowledge Management has been educating more than 250 young professionals and students about nuclear safeguards and non-proliferation and aim to complement nuclear engineering studies by including nuclear safeguards in the academic curriculum. The weeklong courses, with lectures from some of the leading experts in the field of nuclear safeguards, are open to masters degree students, in particular nuclear engineering students, but also to young professionals and those studying international relations and nuclear law. Fostering a two-fold technical-juridical education in the EU is compliant with one of the original roles of JRC described in the EURATOM Treaty and fits with the current view of the International Atomic Energy Agency. In order to reinforce the dwindling teaching capacity, in particular also in nuclear safeguards and non-proliferation, international collaboration is fostered with a new Working Group NUSASET (Nuclear Safeguards and Security Education and Training).JRC.E.9-Nuclear security (Ispra

Cooperation between SSTC NRS and the EU in the area of nuclear safety

The paper first briefly outlines the main characteristics of the EU assistance programs aimed to enhance nuclear safety in the Beneficiary countries. Then EU assistance provided to the Ukrainian regulator (SNRIU) is detailed, with specific emphasis on projects enhancing the capabilities of SSTC NRS as technical support organisation (TSO) to SNRIU, including training and tutoring (T&T) activities. The changing role of SSTC NRS in the cooperation activities is described as well. The broad range of cooperation is then illustrated by some selected projects focusing on various technical areas (e.g. severe accident management and mitigation, radioactive waste and spent fuel management, NPP service time extension, plant performance monitoring and operating experience feedback). Finally, the paper briefly discusses the future perspectives of the nuclear safety cooperation between the EU and Ukraine.JRC.G.I.4-Nuclear Reactor Safety and Emergency Preparednes