Composição proximal e perfil de ácidos graxos de hambúrgueres de carne de capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris).

A carne de capivara (Hidrochoerus hydrochaeris) tem se destacado pelo seu potencial de aproveitamento econômico e pela riqueza em ácidos graxos. Estudos da composição físico-química da carne de capivara e aspectos nutricionais ainda são escassos e trabalhos que a caracterizem são raros, diante deste fato, o trabalho teve por objetivo realizar a caracterização físico-química e o perfil de ácidos graxos de hambúrguer de carne de capivara. Os valores encontrados na análise de umidade (77,23 ± 0,31), cinzas (1,24 ± 0,32), proteínas (18,67 ± 0,32) e gorduras (2,90 ± 1,46) foram satisfatórios. Em relação aos ácidos graxos, observa-se que o hambúrguer de capivara é fonte de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (31,42%) tendo como principal representante deste grupo o ácido oleico (27,43%). Também, o grupo dos ômegas encontra-se em quantidades expressivas no hambúrguer de capivara. Do total de ácidos graxos insaturados presentes 30% são polinsaturados, sendo os principais representantes deste grupo o ácido linoléico (21,34%), o ácido linolênico (7,01%) e o ácido eicosatrienóico (1,83%). A relação entre o total de ácidos graxos saturados (37,77%) e insaturados (62,22%) é plenamente satisfatória. Dessa forma recomenda-se o consumo de hambúrguer de capivara não só por seu sabor peculiar como também pelo elevado valor nutricional em termos de composição proximal e de ácidos graxos insaturados

Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training for weight loss in adults with obesity: A randomised controlled non-inferiority trial

Introduction Obesity treatment guidelines suggest moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), but the patient's compliance to this indication remains low. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time sparing training mode whose metabolic effects are not clear. This study aimed to determine whether a 12-week HIIT was more effective than MICT for weight loss in obese adults. Methods 44 obese subjects were randomised and trained with isoenergetic treadmill exercises for 12 weeks: MICT (60% of maximal oxygen peak, VO 2 peak) or HIIT (3-7 repetition of 3 min 100% of VO 2 peak interspersed by 1.5 min 50% of VO 2 peak). The primary outcome was a change in body weight; the secondary outcomes were changes in body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, glycaemia, insulin and VO 2 peak. Results 32 subjects (53% male, mean age: 38.5 years, mean body mass index: 35.5 kg/m 2) completed the trial. MICT and HIIT showed comparable effect within groups in weight loss (-6.0 kg (-9.0 kg to -3.0 kg) vs -5.7 kg (-8.3 kg to -3.1 kg)), changes in fat mass (-2.9% (-4.4% to -1.4%) vs -3.6% (-5.9% to -1.2%)), fat free mass (-5.3% (-7.8% to -2.8%) vs -5.5% (-8.3% to -2.6%)), diastolic blood pressure (-5.5 mm Hg (-10.6 mm Hg to -0.3 mm Hg) vs -5.8 mm Hg (-11.3 mm Hg to -0.3 mm Hg)) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-16.4 mg/dL (-30.8 mg/dL to -2.0 mg/dL) vs -14.7 mg/dL (-25.6 mg/dL to -3.8 mg/dL)). There was a significant change between groups in VO 2 peak (HIIT: +461.6 mL (329.3a \u20ac'593.8 mL); MICT: +170.5 mL (86.7-254.4 mL); p<0001) and duration of sessions (HIIT: 35.0 min (31.7 a \u20ac'35.6 min); MICT: 46.5 min (40.2a \u20ac'48.3 min); p<0.001). No significant changes in systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glycaemia or plasma insulin were observed. Conclusions In healthy adults with obesity, HIIT compared with MICT induced similar weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors improvement but resulted in a larger increase in cardiorespiratory fitness over a shorter period

Efetividade de genes de resistência de trigo a oídio, safra 2005.

bitstream/CNPT-2010/40691/1/p-do73.pd

Efetividade de genes de resistência de trigo a oídio, safra 2007.

bitstream/CNPT-2010/40711/1/p-do93.pd

Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker Linking Dietary Fatty Acid Quality and Insulin Resistance: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Italy

Dietary lipids are pivotal in modulating metabolic inflammation. Among the inflammatory mediators characterizing metabolic inflammation, interleukin 18 (IL-18) has been consistently associated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aims to evaluate whether the quality of lipid intake impacts upon IL-18 plasma levels and the implications on insulin resistance computed by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Using a cross-sectional design, this study confirmed that IL-18 correlated positively with insulin resistance and individuals with a HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 displayed higher circulating IL-18 levels compared with their insulin-sensitive counterparts. In terms of the effect of the quality of dietary lipids on IL-18 circulating levels, the ratio between monounsaturated, omega-3, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids as well as the intake of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids correlated negatively with IL-18. Despite this, IL-18 circulating levels, but not dietary fatty acid quality, predicted insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the ratio between omega 3 and saturated fatty acids was a predictor of IL-18 plasma levels. Thus, the downregulation of IL-18 may underpin, at least partially, the beneficial metabolic effects of substituting omega 3 for saturated fatty acids with this cytokine potentially representing a biomarker linking dietary lipids and metabolic outcomes

Adsorptive potential of Zn–Al and Mg–Fe layered double hydroxides for the removal of 2–nitrophenol from aqueous solutions

Two layered double hydroxides (LDH) of the type Zn–Al and Mg–Fe were synthesized, characterized and used as adsorbents to uptake 2–nitrophenol (2–NP) from aqueous solutions. XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, AFM and N2 adsorption/desorption curves were used to characterize the Zn–Al–LDH and Mg–Fe–LDH. The potential of both layered double hydroxides to adsorb 2–NP was investigated by adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics and consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. The characterization indicated a high crystallinity degree and a well–organized and lamellar structure, confirming the efficiency of the synthesis. Elovich was the better kinetic model to describe the 2–NP adsorption onto Zn–Al–LDH, while Pseudo–second order was the best for Mg–Fe–LDH. For both LDHs, the adsorption equilibrium followed the Freundlich model. The process was endothermic, being the maximum adsorption capacities of 290 and 165 mg g–1 for Zn–Al–LDH and Mg–Fe–LDH, respectively. LDHs can be applied for five adsorption/desorption cycles with excellent adsorption capacities. It can be concluded that Zn–Al–LDH and Mg–Fe–LDH are promising materials to treat waters and wastewaters containing 2–nitropheno

Influencia de las propiedades ácidas y texturales de materiales micro y mesoporosos en la actividad catalítica de la cetalización de glicerol

En este trabajo una SBA-15 funcionalizada con grupos sulfónicos (SBAsulf), y dos zeolitas beta libres de aluminio modificadas con Zr fueron sintetizadas empleando métodos diferentes

The Human Lipodystrophy Gene BSCL2/Seipin May Be Essential for Normal Adipocyte Differentiation

OBJECTIVE—Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) is a recessive disorder featuring near complete absence of adipose tissue. Remarkably, although the causative gene, BSCL2, has been known for several years, its molecular function and its role in adipose tissue development have not been elucidated. Therefore, we examined whether BSCL2 is involved in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and the mechanism whereby pathogenic mutations in BSCL2 cause lipodystrophy

Plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol levels in elderly subjects with late onset Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia: a case-control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In central nervous system cholesterol cannot be degraded but is secreted into circulation predominantly in the form of its polar metabolite 24(<it>S</it>)-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OH-Chol). Some studies suggested an association between 24S-OH-Chol metabolism and different neurological diseases including dementia. A possible decrease in 24S-OH-Chol plasma levels has been reported late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and vascular dementia (VD), but results of previous studies are partially contradictory.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>By high-speed liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry we evaluated the plasma levels of 24S-OH-Chol in a sample of 160 older individuals: 60 patients with LOAD, 35 patients with VD, 25 subjects affected by cognitive impairment no-dementia (CIND), and 40 (144 for genetics study) cognitively normal Controls. We also investigated the possible association between PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism and dementia or 24S-OH-Chol levels.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with Controls, plasma 24S-OH-Chol levels were higher in LOAD and lower in VD; a slight not-significant increase in CIND was observed (ANOVA p: 0.001). A positive correlation between 24S-OH-Chol/TC ratio and plasma C reactive protein (CRP) levels was found in the whole sample, independent of possible confounders (multiple regression p: 0.04; r²: 0.10). This correlation was strong in LOAD (r: 0.39), still present in CIND (r: 0.20), but was absent in VD patients (r: 0.08). The PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism was not associated with the diagnosis of LOAD, VD, or CIND; no correlation emerged between the Ala allele and 24S-OH-Chol plasma levels.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that plasma 24S-OH-Chol levels might be increased in the first stages of LOAD, and this phenomenon might be related with systemic inflammation. The finding of lower 24S-OH-Chol concentrations in VD might be related with a more advanced stage of VD compared with LOAD in our sample, and/or to different pathogenetic mechanisms and evolution of these two forms of dementia.</p