Individual development of preschool children - prevalences and determinants of delays in Germany: a cross-sectional study in Southern Bavaria

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/12/188 Extent: 9p.Background: Even minor abnormalities of early child development may have dramatic long term consequences. Accurate prevalence rates for a range of developmental impairments have been difficult to establish. Since related studies have used different methodological approaches, direct comparisons of the prevalence of developmental delays are difficult. The understanding of the key factors affecting child development, especially in preschool aged children remains limited. We used data from school entry examinations in Bavaria to measure the prevalence of developmental impairments in pre-school children beginning primary school in 1997–2009. Methods: The developmental impairments of all school beginners in the district of Dingolfing- Landau, Bavaria were assessed using modified “Bavarian School Entry Model” examination from 1997 to 2009 (N=13,182). The children were assessed for motor, cognitive, language and psychosocial impairments using a standardised medical protocol. Prevalence rates of impairments in twelve domains of development were estimated. Using uni- and multivariable logistic regression models, association between selected factors and development delays were assessed. Results: The highest prevalence existed for impairments of pronunciation (13.8%) followed by fine motor impairments (12.2%), and impairments of memory and concentration (11.3%) and the lowest for impairments of rhythm of speech (3.1%). Younger children displayed more developmental delays. Male gender was strongly associated with all developmental impairments (highest risk for fine motor impairments = OR 3.22, 95% confidence interval 2.86-3.63). Preschool children with siblings (vs. children without any siblings) were at higher risk of having impairments in pronunciation (OR 1.31, 1.14-1.50). The influence of the non-German nationality was strong, with a maximum risk increase for the subareas of grammar and psychosocial development. Although children with non-German nationality had a reduced risk of disorders for the rhythm of speech and pronunciation, in all other 10 subareas their risk was increased. Conclusions: In preschool children, most common were delays of pronunciation, memory and concentration. Age effects suggest that delays can spontaneously resolve, but providing support at school entry might be helpful. Boys and migrant children appear at high risk of developmental problems, which may warrant tailored intervention strategies.Heribert L Stich, Bernhard Th Baune, Riccardo N Caniato, Rafael T Mikolajczyk and Alexander Kräme

Der Wasserstoffantrieb im praktischen Einsatz Vortrag

Copy held by FIZ Karlsruhe; available from UB/TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

TALAT Lecture 3403: Designing of Forgings

This lecture helps to gain an understanding of the interaction between part design, tool design and forging process parameters in order to achieve optimum quality forged products. General understanding of metallurgy and deformation processes is assumed.

Einfluss der fertigungsbedingten Eigenschaften des Grundwerkstoffes auf das funktionelle Verhalten von Schichtverbundwerkstoffen Verschleissverhalten von Werkzeugen und Bauteilen. Schlussbericht

Within the reported project coat-combined-bodies made by some steels, machined in several manner were investigated before and after some coating processes to identify the morphology of the surface and the thickness and fraction-surface of the coats. The life time of pretreated tools were determined in cutting of steels and aluminum and also in cold forming. In some cases surface cracks and cracks between coat and substrat have been detected without any correlation to the finishing operations. This has to be seen as a great risk for the adhesion of the coat and also the properties of coated parts. It was found, that life time of drills up to a cutting-speed of 50 m/min can be increased significantly by a surface jet lapping before coating. The life time range of jet lapped coated punches for cold forming operations is smaller than only grinded coated ones. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F94B1351+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Auswirkung des Entwurfs der neuen Waermeschutzverordnung auf Daemmschichtdicken und Heizwaermebedarf bei unterschiedlichen Gebaeudetypen

The effects of the draft of the new Waermeschutzverordnung (WSchVO) on the necessary thermal insulation of external building units in the planning of different types of buildings have been analysed. As introduction a comparison with the present WSchVO is made. It was moreover investigated if the height and building volume of the different building types changes. Finally the energy conservation potential is given as percentage if insulating material of the group 025/030 of the same thickness is used. Against this background single and multi-family houses as well as office buildings and production halls were analysed. (HW)Es wurden die Auswirkungen des Entwurfs der neuen WSchVO auf die vorzunehmenden Waermeschutzmassnahmen der Aussenbauteile bei der Planung unterschiedlicher Gebaeudetypen untersucht. Hierzu wurde einleitend ein Vergleich mit der bestehenden WSchVO vorgenommen. Weiterhin wurde geprueft, inwieweit sich bei den unterschiedlichen Gebaeudetypen die Hoehe oder das umbaute Volumen aendern. Schliesslich wird die prozentuale Energieeinsparung angegeben, wenn bei gleicher Dammstoffdicke Material der Gruppe 025/030 eingesetzt wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden Einfamilienhaeuser, Mehrfamilienhaeuser, Buerogebaeude und Produktionshallen betrachtet. (HW)Also published as report GB 92/1992 of the Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Bauphysik, StuttgartSIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Bestimmung der Temperatur- und Waermestromverhaeltnisse einer Warmwasser-Fussbodenheizung in einem Einfamilienhaus in Leichtbauart

SIGLECopy held by FIZ Karlsruhe; available from UB/TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman