Le rôle de la consommation du thé dans la fluorose dentaire en Jordanie

2.516 children of both sexes, six to fourteen years old, were examined in Jordan in the course of an epidemiological study. 81,11 % of girls and 76,43% of boys presented severe forms of dental fluorosis according to DEAN’s index.Drinking water analysis revealed fluoride concentrations ranging from 0,27 to 1,4 mg F/l. These concentrations are neighbouring optimum tolerated fluoride supplementation in drinking water. However high annual temperature mean and ten hours daily sunshining must also be taken in consideration. For social and climatic reasons, jordanian children drink daily high quantities of tea. Analysis of tea prepared on jordanian way revealed a concentration of 1,2 mg F/l. This continuous intake of fluoride might explain the high severity of dental fluorosis in Jordan.Dans le cadre d’une enquête sur la fluorose dentaire en Jordanie, 2.516 enfants de six à quatorze ans, filles et garçons, répartis sur l’ensemble du pays ont été examinés. 81,11% des filles et 76,43% des garçons se situent dans les deux classes les plus sévères de la fluorose selon la classification de DEAN.L’analyse de l’eau de consommation a relevé des concentrations en fluor variant de 0,27 mg F/l à 1,4 mg F/l, selon les régions et les sources. Ces concentrations en fluor ne dépassent pas le seuil tolérable pour éviter la fluorose dentaire. Mais à cela, s’ajoute une moyenne annuelle de température élevée ( 14 º à 24º C) et une moyenne d’ensoleillement journalier de dix heures. Pour des raisons sociales et climatiques, la population jordanienne consomme dès l’enfance, une grande quantité de boisson journalière, essentiellement sous forme de thé. Le dosage de fluor dans le thé préparé selon la méthode jordanienne a donné une concentration moyenne de 1,2 mg F/l.Cette absorption continue de thé apporte un excès de fluor permettant vraisemblablement d’expliquer en partie la sévérité de la fluorose dentaire en Jordanie

Review of nanomaterials in dentistry: interactions with the oral microenvironment, clinical applications, hazards, and benefits.

Interest in the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as either nanomedicines or dental materials/devices in clinical dentistry is growing. This review aims to detail the ultrafine structure, chemical composition, and reactivity of dental tissues in the context of interactions with ENMs, including the saliva, pellicle layer, and oral biofilm; then describes the applications of ENMs in dentistry in context with beneficial clinical outcomes versus potential risks. The flow rate and quality of saliva are likely to influence the behavior of ENMs in the oral cavity, but how the protein corona formed on the ENMs will alter bioavailability, or interact with the structure and proteins of the pellicle layer, as well as microbes in the biofilm, remains unclear. The tooth enamel is a dense crystalline structure that is likely to act as a barrier to ENM penetration, but underlying dentinal tubules are not. Consequently, ENMs may be used to strengthen dentine or regenerate pulp tissue. ENMs have dental applications as antibacterials for infection control, as nanofillers to improve the mechanical and bioactive properties of restoration materials, and as novel coatings on dental implants. Dentifrices and some related personal care products are already available for oral health applications. Overall, the clinical benefits generally outweigh the hazards of using ENMs in the oral cavity, and the latter should not prevent the responsible innovation of nanotechnology in dentistry. However, the clinical safety regulations for dental materials have not been specifically updated for ENMs, and some guidance on occupational health for practitioners is also needed. Knowledge gaps for future research include the formation of protein corona in the oral cavity, ENM diffusion through clinically relevant biofilms, and mechanistic investigations on how ENMs strengthen the tooth structure

The Beast from the East: impact of an atypical cold weather event on hydrology and nutrient dynamics in two Irish catchments

peer-reviewedA historic lack of continuous stream nutrient monitoring at the catchment scale limits understanding of the effects of snowstorms. The most significant snowstorm since 1985, nicknamed “the Beast from the East”, occurred in February–March 2018. High-frequency stream outlet monitoring in two close but hydrologically and agriculturally contrasting catchments (<1,200 ha) captured phosphorus (total and reactive), total oxygenated nitrogen (TON), temperature and discharge dynamics during and after the event. The grassland catchment consists of poorly drained gley soils and exhibits overland flow pathways, while the arable catchment consists of well-drained brown earths and is dominated by subsurface pathways. Nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations were initially elevated (3.50 and 7.89 mg/L for poorly drained grassland and well-drained arable catchments, respectively) before becoming diluted by meltwater. Total reactive phosphorus (TRP) displayed a distal (anti-clockwise) concentration-discharge hysteresis in the poorly drained grassland catchment suggesting low mobilisation from the soil. Conversely, the well-drained arable catchment displayed proximal (clockwise) hysteresis, indicative of the mobilisation from stream and bank sediment. These relatively infrequent snow events behave similarly to heavy rainfall as regards nutrient losses, albeit subject to a time-lag induced by the speed of snowmelt and the soil moisture deficit (SMD) prior to snowfall. Antecedent land management is crucial to mitigate risk. The current absence of records and analyses of catchment response, particularly nutrient dynamics, to atypical cold weather events in Ireland limits understanding of their effects on water quality. The present study provides the first such baseline information from which land management strategies and the implications for attaining environmental targets can be explored

Vampires in the village Žrnovo on the island of Korčula: following an archival document from the 18th century

Središnja tema rada usmjerena je na raščlambu spisa pohranjenog u Državnom arhivu u Mlecima (fond: Capi del Consiglio de’ Dieci: Lettere di Rettori e di altre cariche) koji se odnosi na događaj iz 1748. godine u korčulanskom selu Žrnovo, kada su mještani – vjerujući da su se pojavili vampiri – oskvrnuli nekoliko mjesnih grobova. U radu se podrobno iznose osnovni podaci iz spisa te rečeni događaj analizira u širem društvenom kontekstu i prate se lokalna vjerovanja.The main interest of this essay is the analysis of the document from the State Archive in Venice (file: Capi del Consiglio de’ Dieci: Lettere di Rettori e di altre cariche) which is connected with the episode from 1748 when the inhabitants of the village Žrnove on the island of Korčula in Croatia opened tombs on the local cemetery in the fear of the vampires treating. This essay try to show some social circumstances connected with this event as well as a local vernacular tradition concerning superstitions