Manajemen Epilepsi Pada Kehamilan

Epilepsy is recognized as the commonest serious neurological disorder in the world. Women with epilepsy experience several gender-related physical and social problems. They constitute high obstetric risk because of reduced fertility, risk of seizures during pregnancy, and complications of pregnancy. Hormonal and other factors can alter the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy and puerperium. Antenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs, particularly at higher dosage and in polytherapy, increases the risk of fetal malformation. Recent reports raise the possibility of selective developmental language deficits and neurocognitive deficits with antenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. There are concerns regarding the effect of traces of antiepileptic drugs that pass to the infant during breast-feeding. The pre conception management is the cornerstone for epilepsy care in Women with epilepsy. A careful reappraisal of each case should ascertain the diagnosis, the need for continued antiepileptic drugs therapy, selection of appropriate antiepileptic drugs, optimization of the dosage, and prescription of folic acid. During pregnancy, the fetal status needs to be monitored with estimation of serum a-feto-protein and ultrasound screening for malformations. The dosage of antiepileptic drugs can be adjusted according to clinical requirement and blood levels of antiepileptic drugs. Several institutions recommend oral vitamin K toward the end of pregnancy when enzymeinducing

Tari Melinting: Seni Tari Tradisional Lampung Timur

Salah satu kelengkapan dalam pelaksanaan tata cara adat, upacara adat yang ada pada masyarakat melinting adalah adanya sebuah tarian adat melinting. Pada awalnya tarian ini memang merupakan sebuah tarian sakral, namun dalam perkembangannya tarian ini banyak mengalami Perubahan dan perkembangan, baik dalam segi gerak, kostum, maupun kesakralannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan mengungkap tari melinting beserta filosofi yang mendasarinya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melaksanakan wawancara mendalam, pengamatan (observasi), dan studi kepustakaan. Ternyata tari melinting memiliki makna yang mendalam, tidak hanya gerakan tarinya yang indah, namun juga filosofi yang ada di Balik tarian tersebut, seperti tentang kearifan tradisional masyarakat, falsafah hidup, serta dinamika kehidupan masyarakat Melinting khususnya dan masyarakat Lampung Timur pada umumnya. Kata melinting mempunyai makna yang sangat luas, merupakan nama daerah (kecamatan), nama jenis tumbuhan, nama tarian, dan juga nama dari sebuah wilayah adat dari Keratuan Melinting yang meliputi daerah Labuhan Maringgai, Gunung Pelindung, Wana. Di masa lalu wilayah adat melinting mencakup daerah yang lebih luas lagi, ke utara sampai dengan pantai di Labuhan Maringgai dan ke selatan sampai ke daerah Tegineneng

The deuterium fractionation of water on solar-system scales in deeply-embedded low-mass protostars

(Abridged) The water deuterium fractionation (HDO/H$_2$O abundance ratio) has traditionally been used to infer the amount of water brought to Earth by comets. Measuring this ratio in deeply-embedded low-mass protostars makes it possible to probe the critical stage when water is transported from clouds to disks in which icy bodies are formed. We present sub-arcsecond resolution observations of HDO in combination with H$_2^{18}$O from the PdBI toward the three low-mass protostars NGC 1333-IRAS 2A, IRAS 4A-NW, and IRAS 4B. The resulting HDO/H$_2$O ratio is $7.4\pm2.1\times10^{-4}$ for IRAS 2A, $19.1\pm5.4\times10^{-4}$ for IRAS 4A-NW, and $5.9\pm1.7\times10^{-4}$ for IRAS 4B. Derived ratios agree with radiative transfer models within a factor of 2-4 depending on the source. Our HDO/H$_2$O ratios for the inner regions (where $T>100$ K) of four young protostars are only a factor of 2 higher than those found for pristine, solar system comets. These small differences suggest that little processing of water occurs between the deeply embedded stage and the formation of planetesimals and comets.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Fisika Umum Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter Di Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika Fmipa Unimed

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan karakter dan hasil belajar mahasiswa yang meliputi: pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah, pembelajaran kooperatif dengan berbagai tipe, dan inquiry training, melalui penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran untuk beberapa komptensi dasar mata kuliah Fisika Umum dengan model-model pembelajaran berbasis karakter. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian pengembangan. Perangkat pembelajaran yang disusun meliputi (1) silabus, (2) rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP), (3) bahan ajar, (4) lembar kerja mahasiswa (LKM), dan (5) pedoman/alat evaluasi. Target khusus yang ingin dicapai adalah (1) peningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa, dan (2) mengembangkan karakter mahasiswa antara lain sikap jujur, tanggung jawab, disiplin, berlaku hormat, kerjasama, kemampuan berkomunikasi dan kreativitas

Exclusive Breastfeeding, Diarrhea, and Their Association with Motor Development in Children in 1000 Days First Life

Background: The right nutrition during 1,000 day window has a profound impact on a child’s ability to grow, learn, and thriveand eventually a lasting effect on a country’s health and prosperity. Nutrition during pregnancy and the first two years of a child’s life provides the essential building blocks for brain development, healthy growth, and a strong immune system. Diarrhea disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. It is both preventable and treatable. Each year diarrhea kills around 525 000 children under five worldwide. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces infant mortality due to common childhood illnesses such as diarrhea or pneumonia, and helps for a quicker recovery during illness. Breast milk promotes sensory and cognitive development, and protects the infant against infectious and chronic diseases. Little is known about the effect of exclusive breastfeeding and diarrhea on the neurodevelopment of children under five in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding and diarrhea on the neuro­development of children under two years in Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, in January 2018. A sample of 138 children under two years (≥ 6-24 months) along with their mothers was selected for this study. The dependent variable was motor development. The independent variables were exclusive breastfeeding and diarrhea. Motor development was measured by development pre-screening questionnaire (KPSP). The other variables were measured by questionnaire and health record. The data were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The likelihood of normal motor development in children under two years increased with exclusive breastfeeding, and it was statistically significant (OR= 2.17; 95% CI= 1.01 to 4.65; p= 0.036). The likelihood of normal motor development decreased with the incidence of diarrhea (OR= 0.79; 95% CI= 0.33 to 1.09; p= 0.596) but not statistically significant. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding is beneficial to increase the likelihood of normal motor development in children under two years. Keywords: motor development, exclusive breastfeeding, diarrhe

Pengembangan Permainan Domat Card pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linier Satu Variabel

Aspek pedagogik menuntut guru untuk dapat memfasilitasi siswa dengan kegiatan pembelajaran yang menarik, salah satatunya dengan penggunaan media. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan suatu media berbentuk domat card yang valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk proses latihan soal pada materi PSLV. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari langkah Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Media ini telah diujicobakan terhadap 30 siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 2 Tuntang. Instrumen pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari instrumen penilaian validasi aspek materi dan media, instrumen penilaian kepraktisan, instrumen pendapat siswa dan instrumen pretest posttest. Media permainan domat card telah dinyatakan valid dari aspek ahli materi dengan skor85,7%, dan valid dari ahli media dengan skor 86,4 %, keduanya termasuk kategori sangat baik. Hasil dari penilaian kepraktisan memperoleh skor 86,8% masuk kategori sangat praktis. Uji pair t-test dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 menghasilkan signifikan mendekati nol yang kurang dari 0,05 dengan rata-rata post test lebih tinggi daripada pre test. Berdasarkan ketiga hasil uji tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media domat card valid, praktis, dan efektif

Factors Associated with Increased Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Children: An Evidence from Boyolali, Central Java

Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge both in developed and developing countries. The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased over few years. It is caused by imbalance between calorie intake and calories utilized. One or more factors (genetic, behavioral, and environmental) cause obesity in children. This study aimed to examine factors associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity in children in Boyolali, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This wasa case control study carried out at 25 primary schools in Ngemplak sub-district, Boyolali, Central Java. A sample of 200 students was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was overweight/obesity. The independent variables were nutritional intake, physical activity, pocket money, paternal education, maternal and paternal nutritional status. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: High nutritional intake(OR= 21.48; 95% CI= 9.82 to 47.98; p= 0.003), low physical activity (OR= 23.72 ; 95% CI= 11.2 to 50.26; p= 0.005), much pocket money (OR= 40.44; 95% CI= 17.42 to 93.88; p= 0.005), high paternal education (OR= 4.04; 95% CI= 2.12 to 7.69; p= 0.019), overweight mother (OR= 84.86; 95% CI= 25.62 to 164.17; p= 0.001), and overweight father (OR= 16.62; 95% CI= 8.21 to 33.63; p= 0.003) were associated with an increased risk of overweight/ obesity among primary school students. Nagelkerke R2= 94.1%. Conclusion: High nutritional intake, low physical activity, much pocket money, high paternal education, overweight mother, and overweight father, are associated with an increased risk of overweight/ obesity among primary school students. Keywords: overweight, obesity, nutritional intake, physical activity, pocket mone

Biopsychosocial and Environmental Determinants of Autism in Children under Five in Tangerang, Banten

Background: Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy. The controversy surrounding other proposed environmental causes, such as a certain vaccine, has been disproven. This study aimed to determine the biopsychosocial and environmental determinants of autism in children under five in Tangerang, Banten. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted at several special schools for children with special need children in Tangerang, Banten. A sample of 200 children under five, consisting 50 children with autism and 150 children without autism was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was the incidence of autism. The independent variables were maternal age, stress in the gestation period, maternal education, family income (with under or over Minimum Wage Limit/ MWL), and exposure to chemicals. The data on autism was collected by M-CHAT questionnaire. Stress during pregnancy was measure by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Other data were taken from mother and child logbook. The data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis in Stata 13. Results: The risk of autism in children under five increase with maternal age ≥ 35 years (b= 4.60; 95% CI= 1.03 – 20.55; p<0.046), stress in gestational period (b= 9.88; 95% CI= 2.19 to 44.65; p< 0.003), exposure to chemical (b= 11.85; 95% CI= 2.73 to 51.38; p<0.001). The risk of autism decrease with family income ≥ MWL (b= 0.06; 95% CI= 0.15 to 0.26; p<0.001), and maternal education ≥ high school (b= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.003 to 0.076; p<0.001). Conclusion: The risk of autism in children under five increases with maternal age ≥35 years, stress in gestational age, and exposure to chemical, but decreases with high family income and high maternal education. Keywords: autism, biopsychosocial factor, environmental facto