Investigación social: tema y problema en investigación

Un tema de investigación surge en una primera instancia de una inquietud personal, puede nacer de algo que se publicó en un diario o de un aspecto de la realidad que llama la atención. Sin embargo, tener este primer interés no es suficiente para llevar a cabo un estudio. Definir un tema de investigación implica delimitar un campo de trabajo que, la mayoría de las veces, se encuentra establecido previamente por el desenvolvimiento de la disciplina. El investigador tiene que seleccionar un campo concreto en el que realizar su investigación, en este caso el campo de la comunicación.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Enhanced Methanol Production over Non-promoted Cu-MgO-Al2O3Materials with Ex-solved 2 nm Cu Particles: Insights from an Operando Spectroscopic Study

Enhanced methanol production is obtained over a non-promoted Cu-MgO-Al2O3 mixed oxide catalyst derived from a Cu-Mg-Al hydrotalcite precursor (HT) containing narrowly distributed small Cu NPs (2 nm). Conversions close to the equilibrium (∼20%) with a methanol selectivity of 67% are achieved at 230 °C, 20 bar, and a space velocity of 571 mL·gcat-1·h-1. Based on operando spectroscopic studies, the striking activity of this Cu-based catalyst is ascribed to the stabilization of Cu+ ions favored under reaction conditions due to lattice reorganization associated with the "HT-memory effect"promoted by water. Temperature-resolved infrared-mass spectrometry experiments have enabled the discernment of monodentate formate species, stabilized on Cu+ as the intermediate in methanol synthesis, in line with the results of density functional theory calculations. These monodentate formate species are much more reactive than bridge formate species, the latter ones behaving as intermediates in methane and CO formation. Moreover, poisoning of the Cu0 surface by strongly adsorbed species behaving as spectators is observed under reaction conditions. This work presents a detailed spectroscopic study highlighting the influence of the reaction pressure on the stabilization of active surface sites, and the possibility of enhancing methanol production on usually less active non-promoted nano-sized copper catalysts, provided that the proper support is selected, allowing the stabilization of doped Cu+. Thus, a methanol formation rate of 2.6 × 10-3 molMeOH·gcat-1·h-1 at 230 °C, 20 bar, and WHSV = 28 500 mL·gcat-1·h-1 is obtained on the Cu-MgO-Al2O3 HT-derived catalyst with 71% methanol selectivity, compared to 2.2 × 10-4 molMeOH·gcat-1·h-1 with 54% methanol selectivity obtained on a reference Cu/(Al2O3/MgO) catalyst not derived from a HT structure.The research leading to these results received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through “Severo Ochoa” Excellence Programme (SEV-2016-0683) and through the RTI2018-099668-B-C21 and RTI2018-101604-B-I00 projects. The authors also thank the Microscopy Service of UPV for kind help on measurements. J.C. thanks the Spanish Government (MINECO) for a “Severo Ochoa” grant (BES-2015-075748). J.M. thanks the MICINN (CTQ2015-67592) for his Ph.D. scholarship. M.E.D. thanks financial support by the Spanish Government (PGC2018-097277-B100). P.G.L. thanks the CSIC for the extension of the MSCA-IF Grant Agreement no. 832121. Computer time provided by the RES (Red Española de Supercomputación) resources at Mare Nostrum 4 (BSC, Barcelona) and La Palma (IAC, La Palma) nodes is acknowledged

SEOM-GECP Clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) (2022)

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy comprising approximately 15% of lung cancers. Only one-third of patients are diagnosed at limited-stage (LS). Surgical resection can be curative in early stages, followed by platinum-etoposide adjuvant therapy, although only a minority of patients with SCLC qualify for surgery. Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is the standard of care for LS-SCLC that is not surgically resectable, followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for patients without progression. For extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC, a combination of platinum and etoposide has historically been a mainstay of treatment. Recently, the efficacy of programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy has become the new front-line standard of care for ES-SCLC. Emerging knowledge regarding SCLC biology, including genomic characterization and molecular subtyping, and new treatment approaches will potentially lead to advances in SCLC patient care

Gestión de la comunicación digital. Miradas, procesos y desafíos : Cuaderno de cátedra

Esta propuesta pone el foco en analizar de manera crítica e integral la relación entre comunicación y las tecnologías de comunicación a partir de la profundización teórica-epistemológica del campo disciplinar desde la cual se abordarán la producción, el diseño y el desarrollo de la comunicación digital. En este sentido, tiene por objeto profundizar en el dominio de conocimientos teóricos, técnicos y metodológicos en el área de la comunicación digital, un campo disciplinar profesional que complejiza la formación en la Comunicación, el Periodismo, la Planificación, la Docencia y la Investigación, así como en las distintas áreas de las Ciencias Sociales.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Gestión de la comunicación digital. Miradas, procesos y desafíos : Cuaderno de cátedra

Esta propuesta pone el foco en analizar de manera crítica e integral la relación entre comunicación y las tecnologías de comunicación a partir de la profundización teórica-epistemológica del campo disciplinar desde la cual se abordarán la producción, el diseño y el desarrollo de la comunicación digital. En este sentido, tiene por objeto profundizar en el dominio de conocimientos teóricos, técnicos y metodológicos en el área de la comunicación digital, un campo disciplinar profesional que complejiza la formación en la Comunicación, el Periodismo, la Planificación, la Docencia y la Investigación, así como en las distintas áreas de las Ciencias Sociales.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Gestión de la comunicación digital. Miradas, procesos y desafíos : Cuaderno de cátedra

Esta propuesta pone el foco en analizar de manera crítica e integral la relación entre comunicación y las tecnologías de comunicación a partir de la profundización teórica-epistemológica del campo disciplinar desde la cual se abordarán la producción, el diseño y el desarrollo de la comunicación digital. En este sentido, tiene por objeto profundizar en el dominio de conocimientos teóricos, técnicos y metodológicos en el área de la comunicación digital, un campo disciplinar profesional que complejiza la formación en la Comunicación, el Periodismo, la Planificación, la Docencia y la Investigación, así como en las distintas áreas de las Ciencias Sociales.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Identification of ALK-positive patients with advanced NSCLC and real-world clinical experience with crizotinib in Spain (IDEALK study).

To determine the incidence of ALK translocations in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC in Spain, to describe the clinical characteristics of these patients, and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatment with crizotinib in a real-world setting. This is an observational prospective and retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence of ALK translocations and to analyze the effectiveness and safety of crizotinib in a real-world setting. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, time to best overall response, duration of treatment, objective response rates (ORR), rates of adverse events (AE), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in the ALK study cohort of patients treated with crizotinib (prospective and retrospective). ALK incidence and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires were measured from patients included in the prospective cohort. The incidence of ALK translocations was 5.5 % (31 of 559 patients). Compared with ALK-negative patients, ALK-positive patients were significantly younger, predominantly female, and non-smokers. In the crizotinib effectiveness and safety study, 91 patients (42 prospective, 49 retrospective) with ALK-positive NSCLC (43.9 % in first-line, 56.1 % in second or more lines) were included. The ORR was 59.3 % and the median duration of response was 13.5 months (IQR, 5.3-26.2). The median PFS was 15.8 months (95 % CI, 11.8-22.3) and the median OS was 46.5 months, with 53 patients (58.2 %) still alive at data cut-off date. Frequently reported AEs included elevated transaminases, gastrointestinal disorders, and asthenia. Most patients (76.5 %) reported improved or stable scores for global QoL during treatment. The observed incidence of ALK translocations in NSCLC patients is aligned with published reports. This analysis of the real-world clinical experience in Spain confirms the therapeutic benefit and safety of crizotinib in advanced/metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC. gov: NCT02679170