El desarrollo de la ciencia lingüística: necesidad social para la enseñanza de la lengua materna

Cuba se encuentra inmersa en un proceso de búsqueda, aplicación y validación de soluciones en los modos de enseñar y educar a las nuevas generaciones, acorde con lo más avanzado de la ciencia mundial. La enseñanza de la lengua debe ir aparejada a las más avanzadas tendencias de la didáctica y al desarrollo progresivo de la sociedad en general y de la ciencia lingüística en particular, es por ello que a través de este trabajo se pretende determinar las insuficiencias que presentan los estudiantes en el dominio de la lengua materna, para de esta forma ahondar en los métodos y enfoques de su enseñanza con propuestas y aportes que darán solución a esta problemática, reflejando los resultados del mismo en la práctica social.

Cumplimiento de planes de medidas de la Red de Bibliotecas en la Atención Primaria de Salud de Guantánamo

A diagnostic analysis is carried out in the libraries belonging to polyclinics and rural hospitals in Guantanamo province, with the objective of knowing the main difficulties in terms of organization, process evaluation, administrative control and methodological control in these units. The universe and sample consisted of the 20 libraries of Primary Health Care (PHC). The applied diagnosis consisted of three annexes: a questionnaire, inventory of the minimum funds and instructions for its filling. Once the main difficulties were identified, action plans were established with their respective managers and complianceSe realiza un análisis diagnóstico en las bibliotecas pertenecientes a los policlínicos y hospitales rurales de la provincia Guantánamo, con el objetivo de conocer las principales dificultades en cuanto a lo organizativo, evaluación de procesos, control administrativo y control metodológico en estas unidades. El universo y muestra estuvo constituido por las 20 bibliotecas de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). El diagnóstico aplicado estuvo formado por tres anexos: un cuestionario, inventario de los fondos mínimos y las instrucciones para su llenado. Una vez identificadas las principales dificultades, se establecieron planes de medidas con sus respectivos responsables y fechas de cumplimiento.

Cumplimiento de planes de medidas de la Red de Bibliotecas en la Atención Primaria de Salud de Guantánamo

A diagnostic analysis is carried out in the libraries belonging to polyclinics and rural hospitals in Guantanamo province, with the objective of knowing the main difficulties in terms of organization, process evaluation, administrative control and methodological control in these units. The universe and sample consisted of the 20 libraries of Primary Health Care (PHC). The applied diagnosis consisted of three annexes: a questionnaire, inventory of the minimum funds and instructions for its filling. Once the main difficulties were identified, action plans were established with their respective managers and complianceSe realiza un análisis diagnóstico en las bibliotecas pertenecientes a los policlínicos y hospitales rurales de la provincia Guantánamo, con el objetivo de conocer las principales dificultades en cuanto a lo organizativo, evaluación de procesos, control administrativo y control metodológico en estas unidades. El universo y muestra estuvo constituido por las 20 bibliotecas de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). El diagnóstico aplicado estuvo formado por tres anexos: un cuestionario, inventario de los fondos mínimos y las instrucciones para su llenado. Una vez identificadas las principales dificultades, se establecieron planes de medidas con sus respectivos responsables y fechas de cumplimiento.

Apuntes sobre presentación tabular

Los resultados de estudios deben presentarse de forma clara y correcta a fin de que puedan utilizarse adecuadamente. La presentación tabular de datos es ampliamente utilizada. Este trabajo ofrece algunas definiciones y explica procedimientos para la presentación tabular de información de acuerdo a lineamientos reconocidos internacionalmente, ya que con frecuencia se cometen errores y las tablas son mal confeccionadas

Ethics: A Challenge for the information in professional

Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema ética del profesional de la información con el objetivo de comparar estudios realizados acerca de las nuevas tendencias en el desarrollo y desempeño de la actividad científico informativa primordial en lo nuevos ambientes bibliotecarios, motivados por la necesidad de contar con profesionales capaces de brindar servicios de excelencia y calidad de forma ética, fomentando valores y mostrando la responsabilidad social. Se abordaron temas como ética y competencia profesional, liderazgo.A literature review on the topic of professional ethics of information is done with the objective of comparing studies on new trends in the development and performance of the primary scientific information activity in new library environments, motivated by the need with professionals , able to provide excellent services and quality of ethical values and showing encouraging social responsibility. Topics such as ethics and professional competence, leadership are discussed

Técnicas para mejorar presentaciones en formato electrónico

Se exponen algunas definiciones y explican procedimientos para el mejoramiento de las presentaciones electrónicas, fundamentalmente en docentes e investigadores que la utilizan en su quehacer diario. Se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica profunda, para recopilar la mayor cantidad de información sobre las técnicas para mejorarlas y conformar guía para los profesionales, en especial, de salud pública

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research