930 research outputs found
Magnetic incommensurability in -type cuprate perovskites
For the superconducting phase with a d-wave order parameter and zero
temperature the magnetic susceptibility of the t-J model is calculated using
the Mori projection operator technique. Conditions for the appearance of an
incommensurate magnetic response below the resonance frequency are identified.
A fast decay of the tails of the hole coherent peaks and a weak intensity of
the hole incoherent continuum near the Fermi level are enough to produce an
incommensurate response using different hole dispersions established for
-type cuprates, in which such response was observed. In this case, the
nesting of the itinerant-electron theory or the charge modulation of the stripe
theory is unnecessary for the incommensurability. The theory reproduces the
hourglass dispersion of the susceptibility maxima with their location in the
momentum space similar to that observed experimentally. The upper branch of the
dispersion stems from the excitations of localized spins, while the lower one
is due to the incommensurate maxima of their damping. The narrow and intensive
resonance peak arises if the frequency of these excitations at the
antiferromagnetic momentum lies below the edge of the two-fermion continuum;
otherwise the maximum is broad and less intensive.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure
Linear scaling calculation of band edge states and doped semiconductors
Linear scaling methods provide total energy, but no energy levels and
canonical wavefuctions. From the density matrix computed through the density
matrix purification methods, we propose an order-N (O(N)) method for
calculating both the energies and wavefuctions of band edge states, which are
important for optical properties and chemical reactions. In addition, we also
develop an O(N) algorithm to deal with doped semiconductors based on the O(N)
method for band edge states calculation. We illustrate the O(N) behavior of the
new method by applying it to boron nitride (BN) nanotubes and BN nanotubes with
an adsorbed hydrogen atom. The band gap of various BN nanotubes are
investigated systematicly and the acceptor levels of BN nanotubes with an
isolated adsorbed H atom are computed. Our methods are simple, robust, and
especially suited for the application in self-consistent field electronic
structure theory
Imaging and manipulating electrons in a 1D quantum dot with Coulomb blockade microscopy
Motivated by the recent experiments by the Westervelt group using a mobile
tip to probe the electronic state of quantum dots formed on a segmented
nanowire, we study the shifts in Coulomb blockade peak positions as a function
of the spatial variation of the tip potential, which can be termed "Coulomb
blockade microscopy". We show that if the tip can be brought sufficiently close
to the nanowire, one can distinguish a high density electronic liquid state
from a Wigner crystal state by microscopy with a weak tip potential. In the
opposite limit of a strongly negative tip potential, the potential depletes the
electronic density under it and divides the quantum wire into two partitions.
There the tip can push individual electrons from one partition to the other,
and the Coulomb blockade micrograph can clearly track such transitions. We show
that this phenomenon can be used to qualitatively estimate the relative
importance of the electron interaction compared to one particle potential and
kinetic energies. Finally, we propose that a weak tip Coulomb blockade
micrograph focusing on the transition between electron number N=0 and N=1
states may be used to experimentally map the one-particle potential landscape
produced by impurities and inhomogeneities.Comment: 4 pages 7 figure
The importance of planetary rotation period for ocean heat transport
The climate, and hence potential habitability, of a planet crucially depends on how its atmospheric and oceanic circulation transports heat from warmer to cooler regions. However, previous studies of planetary climate have concentrated on modelling the dynamics of their atmospheres whilst dramatically simplifying the treatment of the oceans, which neglects or misrepresents the effect of the ocean in the total heat transport. Even the majority of studies with a dynamic ocean have used a simple so-called aquaplanet having no continental barriers, which is a configuration which dramatically changes the oceanic dynamics. Here the significance of the response of poleward ocean heat transport to planetary rotation period is shown with a simple meridional barrier – the simplest representation of any continental configuration. The poleward ocean heat transport increases significantly as the planetary rotation period is increased. The peak heat transport more than doubles when the rotation period is increased by a factor of ten. There are also significant changes to ocean temperature at depth, with implications for the carbon cycle. There is strong agreement between the model results and a scale analysis of the governing equations. This result highlights the importance of both planetary rotation period and the ocean circulation when considering planetary habitability
Ordered and periodic chaos of the bounded one dimensinal multibarrier potential
Numerical analysis indicates that there exists an unexpected new ordered
chaos for the bounded one-dimensional multibarrier potential. For certain
values of the number of barriers, repeated identical forms (periods) of the
wavepackets result upon passing through the multibarrier potential.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 1 Table. Some former text removed and other
introduce
Four layer bandage compared with short stretch bandage for venous leg ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with data from individual patients
<p><b>Objective:</b> To compare the effectiveness of two types of compression treatment (four layer bandage and short stretch bandage) in people with venous leg ulceration.</p>
<p><b>Design:</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of patient level data.</p>
<p><b>Data:</b> sources Electronic databases (the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and National Research Register) and reference lists of retrieved articles searched to identify relevant trials and primary investigators. Primary investigators of eligible trials were invited to contribute raw data for re-analysis.</p>
<p><b>Review:</b> methods Randomised controlled trials of four layer bandage compared with short stretch bandage in people with venous leg ulceration were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome for the meta-analysis was time to healing. Cox proportional hazards models were run to compare the methods in terms of time to healing with adjustment for independent predictors of healing. Secondary outcomes included incidence and number of adverse events per patient.</p>
<p><b>Results:</b> Seven eligible trials were identified (887 patients), and patient level data were retrieved for five (797 patients, 90% of known randomised patients). The four layer bandage was associated with significantly shorter time to healing: hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) from multifactorial model based on five trials was 1.31 (1.09 to 1.58), P=0.005. Larger ulcer area at baseline, more chronic ulceration, and previous ulceration were all independent predictors of delayed healing. Data from two trials showed no evidence of a difference in adverse event profiles between the two bandage types.</p>
<p><b>Conclusions:</b> Venous leg ulcers in patients treated with four layer bandages heal faster, on average, than those of people treated with the short stretch bandage. Benefits were consistent across patients with differing prognostic profiles.</p>
Local electronic nematicity in the one-band Hubbard model
Nematicity is a well known property of liquid crystals and has been recently
discussed in the context of strongly interacting electrons. An electronic
nematic phase has been seen by many experiments in certain strongly correlated
materials, in particular, in the pseudogap phase generic to many hole-doped
cuprate superconductors. Recent measurements in high superconductors has
shown even if the lattice is perfectly rotationally symmetric, the ground state
can still have strongly nematic local properties. Our study of the
two-dimensional Hubbard model provides strong support of the recent
experimental results on local rotational symmetry breaking. The
variational cluster approach is used here to show the possibility of an
electronic nematic state and the proximity of the underlying symmetry-breaking
ground state within the Hubbard model. We identify this nematic phase in the
overdoped region and show that the local nematicity decreases with increasing
electron filling. Our results also indicate that strong Coulomb interaction may
drive the nematic phase into a phase similar to the stripe structure. The
calculated spin (magnetic) correlation function in momentum space shows the
effects resulting from real-space nematicity
The Optimal Inhomogeneity for Superconductivity: Finite Size Studies
We report the results of exact diagonalization studies of Hubbard models on a
square lattice with periodic boundary conditions and various
degrees and patterns of inhomogeneity, which are represented by inequivalent
hopping integrals and . We focus primarily on two patterns, the
checkerboard and the striped cases, for a large range of values of the on-site
repulsion and doped hole concentration, . We present evidence that
superconductivity is strongest for of order the bandwidth, and intermediate
inhomogeneity, . The maximum value of the ``pair-binding
energy'' we have found with purely repulsive interactions is for the checkerboard Hubbard model with and .
Moreover, for near optimal values, our results are insensitive to changes in
boundary conditions, suggesting that the correlation length is sufficiently
short that finite size effects are already unimportant.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures; minor revisions; more references adde
Theory of momentum resolved tunneling into a short quantum wire
Motivated by recent tunneling experiments in the parallel wire geometry, we
calculate results for momentum resolved tunneling into a short one-dimensional
wire, containing a small number of electrons. We derive some general theorems
about the momentum dependence, and we carry out exact calculations for up to
N=4 electrons in the final state, for a system with screened Coulomb
interactions that models the situation of the experiments. We also investigate
the limit of large using a Luttinger-liquid type analysis. We consider the
low-density regime, where the system is close to the Wigner crystal limit, and
where the energy scale for spin excitations can be much lower than for charge
excitations, and we consider temperatures intermediate between the relevant
spin energies and charge excitations, as well as temperatures below both energy
scales.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures, clarified text in a few points, added 1 figure,
updated reference
What's the evidence that NICE guidance has been implemented? Results from a national evaluation using time series analysis, audit of patients' notes, and interviews
OBJECTIVES: To assess the extent and pattern of implementation of guidance issued by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). DESIGN: Interrupted time series analysis, review of case notes, survey, and interviews. SETTING: Acute and primary care trusts in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS: All primary care prescribing, hospital pharmacies; a random sample of 20 acute trusts, 17 mental health trusts, and 21 primary care trusts; and senior clinicians and managers from five acute trusts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of prescribing and use of procedures and medical devices relative to evidence based guidance. RESULTS: 6308 usable patient audit forms were returned. Implementation of NICE guidance varied by trust and by topic. Prescribing of some taxanes for cancer (P <0.002) and orlistat for obesity (P <0.001) significantly increased in line with guidance. Prescribing of drugs for Alzheimer’s disease and prophylactic extraction of wisdom teeth showed trends consistent with, but not obviously a consequence of, the guidance. Prescribing practice often did not accord with the details of the guidance. No change was apparent in the use of hearing aids, hip prostheses, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, laparoscopic hernia repair, and laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery after NICE guidance had been issued. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of NICE guidance has been variable. Guidance seems more likely to be adopted when there is strong professional support, a stable and convincing evidence base, and no increased or unfunded costs, in organisations that have established good systems for tracking guidance implementation and where the professionals involved are not isolated. Guidance needs to be clear and reflect the clinical context
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