The Effective Lorentzian and Teleparallel Spacetimes Generated by a Free Electromagnetic Field

In this paper we show that a free electromagnetic field living in Minkowski spacetime generates an effective Weitzenbock or an effective Lorentzian spacetime whose properties aredetermined in details. These results are possible because we found using the Clifford bundle formalism the noticeable result that the energy-momentum densities of a free electromagnetic field are sources of the Hodge duals of exact 2-form fields which satisfy Maxwell like equations.Comment: A missing term in Eq.(14) has been inserted and some misprints correcte

A Unified Framework for Producing CAI Melting, Wark-Lovering Rims and Bowl-Shaped CAIs

Calcium Aluminium Inclusions (CAIs) formed in the Solar System, some 4,567 million years ago. CAIs are almost always surrounded by Wark-Lovering Rims (WLRs), which are a sequence of thin, mono/bi-mineralic layers of refractory minerals, with a total thickness in the range of 1 to 100 microns. Recently, some CAIs have been found that have tektite-like bowl-shapes. To form such shapes, the CAI must have travelled through a rarefied gas at hypersonic speeds. We show how CAIs may have been ejected from the inner solar accretion disc via the centrifugal interaction between the solar magnetosphere and the inner disc rim. They subsequently punched through the hot, inner disc rim wall at hypersonic speeds. This re-entry heating partially or completely evaporated the CAIs. Such evaporation could have significantly increased the metal abundances of the inner disc rim. High speed movement through the inner disc produced WLRs. To match the observed thickness of WLRs required metal abundances at the inner disc wall that are of order ten times that of standard solar abundances. The CAIs cooled as they moved away from the protosun, the deduced CAI cooling rates are consistent with the CAI cooling rates obtained from experiment and observation. The speeds and gas densities required to form bowl-shaped CAIs are also consistent with the expected speeds and gas densities for larger, ~ 1 cm, CAIs punching through an inner accretion disc wall.Comment: 70 pages, 41 figure

A Maxwell Like Formulation of Gravitational Theory in Minkowski Spacetime

In this paper using the Clifford bundle formalism a Lagrangian theory of the Yang-Mills type (with a gauge fixing term and an auto interacting term) for the gravitational field in Minkowski spacetime is presented. It is shown how two simple hypothesis permit the interpretation of the formalism in terms of effective Lorentzian or teleparallel geometries. In the case of a Lorentzian geometry interpretation of the theory the field equations are shown to be equivalent to Einstein's equations.Comment: This is a version of a paper published in Int. J. Mod. Phs. D 16(6), 1027-1041 (2007) where some misprints and typos have been corrected, some references have been updated, a footnote has been added and some few sentences have been rewritten to better explain the role of the (plastic) deformation tensor

The Mushroom

pages 76-7

Karen Horney\u27s Three Character Styles [Neurotic Styles] as Responses to Early Maternal Deprivation and Unmanageable Rage: Three Illustrative Case Studies

Three of my patients presented with stories of maternal abandonment as well as struggles with rage. One struggled with a vengeful rage, which highlighted deep feelings of injustice. Characterologically he moved against people. A second showed a connection between rage and frightening dissociative episodes that left her struggling with passive fantasies of death and desertion. Characterologically she moved towards people. A third patient made use of rage as a way to stay away from people. She used intimidation as a way to characterologically move away from people, and preferred to remain alone. Although each of these clients struggled with rage tied to maternal empathic failures, they differed significantly in their character style and overall adaptation in adult life. Their styles of coping with anger corresponded to the neurotic solutions described by Karen Horney (1945) moving against people, moving towards people, and moving away from people. Within the maternal bond, these individuals experienced rage as unacceptable and treatment allowed some of their experiences a voice. This study aimed to reflect on the psychodynamic treatment of rage in each Horneyean character style. This project presents three case studies exemplifying Horney\u27s theory, and contextualizing the function and meaning of rage in instances of perceived or actual maternal abandonment. Examining these cases through a Horneyean lens shows how her work anticipated contemporary psychoanalytic psychodiagnostics (i.e. The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual), and how valuable her work remains to theory and treatment today