Bryophytes of South-central Colorado. Part 1

Prominent among the names of the many bryologists who have collected in Colorado are those of Leo Lesquereux, T. S. Brandegee, T. C. Porter, and A. J. Grout. Their findings are discussed by Dr. Geneva Sayre in an unpublished dissertation on the mosses of Colorado, a work completed in 1938 (2). She points out that, with the exception of Brandegee\u27s collections in southwest Colorado, collections of southern Colorado mosses are either meagre or lacking. The largest reported collection of recent date from southern Colorado is that of Dr. Belle K. Stewart who collected fourteen species in the Creede Valley incident to an ecological study of its vascular flora. It is known that H. S. Conard, Frederick McAllister and others have collected specimens in southern Colorado but the present writers have been unable so far to find published reports of their findings

Extra-Floral Nectaries in Bryophyllum calycinum

Among the interesting features of Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. is the occurrence of foliar embryos in the notches of the leaf (Fig. 3) which under favorable conditions will give rise to new plants. In the apices of the crenations are hydathodes (Fig. 3) whose structure has been described by Berge (1877) and Yarbrough (1932, 1934). A hydathode typically occurs at a vein ending in a leaf margin, but in Bryophyllum calycinum the hydathode consists of a vascular plexus surrounding an epithem which is associated with a special group of stomata on the lower side of the leaf. The cells of the epithem superficially resemble those of the foliar embryos in that they are of approximately the same size and shape and have conspicuous nuclei and dense cytoplasm

Use of a Constant-Temperature Water Bath as a Culture Chamber

In the course of experiments done at the State University of Iowa on excised leaves of Bryophyllum calycinum a need arose for a culture chamber in which light, temperature, and humidity could be controlled simultaneously. The chamber described below met these requirements. It is capable of providing a wide range of environments which should make it useful in the culture of bacteria or other microorganisms and it might be substituted for equipment currently unobtainable. Dimensions given here may be modified as necessary

Preliminary Studies of the Physiology and Morphology of the Germinating Foliar Embryos of Bryophyllum Calycinum

A critical review of the literature pertaining to the germination and growth of the foliar embryos of Bryophyllum calycinum, Salish., has revealed that in most cases the influence of certain physiological and environmental factors upon these structures was not carefully considered. For instance, the history of the plants prior to the experimental period was not fully elucidated and, in absence of statements to the contrary, must have been largely ignored. Yet the work of Dunn (1937) indicates that the influence of hardening treatments may extend over as many as three following generations in this species. A common experimental error in most previous work was the lack of simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, and light throughout the time of experimentation

Some Lichens from Southern Colorado

The cryptogams of the San Juan and Sangre de Cristo mountains of southern Colorado have not attracted the attention of many botanists during the past half century. The published ecological and floristic studies of North American cryptogams show few records from any portion of Colorado further south than Pike\u27s Peak. Llano (2) and Thomson (3) make but incidental mention of lichens collected by visitors in 1899, 1937, and 1942. The collections listed below constitute a material addition to this very meagre record. All these specimens, collected in the period between February, 1950-September, 1951, were found at altitudes between 7600 and 9500 feet except Peltigera scabrosa which was collected at 11,000 feet

Total-dose radiation effects data for semiconductor devices (1989 supplement)

Steady state, total dose radiation test data are provided for electronic designers and other personnel using semiconductor devices in a radiation environment. The data are presented in graphic and narrative formats. Two primary radiation source types were used: Cobalt-60 gamma rays and a Dynamitron electron accelerator capable of delivering 2.5 MeV electrons at a steady rate

Science Overview of the Europa Clipper Mission

The goal of NASA’s Europa Clipper mission is to assess the habitability of Jupiter’s moon Europa. After entering Jupiter orbit in 2030, the flight system will collect science data while flying past Europa 49 times at typical closest approach distances of 25–100 km. The mission’s objectives are to investigate Europa’s interior (ice shell and ocean), composition, and geology; the mission will also search for and characterize any current activity including possible plumes. The science objectives will be accomplished with a payload consisting of remote sensing and in-situ instruments. Remote sensing investigations cover the ultraviolet, visible, near infrared, and thermal infrared wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as an ice-penetrating radar. In-situ investigations measure the magnetic field, dust grains, neutral gas, and plasma surrounding Europa. Gravity science will be achieved using the telecommunication system, and a radiation monitoring engineering subsystem will provide complementary science data. The flight system is designed to enable all science instruments to operate and gather data simultaneously. Mission planning and operations are guided by scientific requirements and observation strategies, while appropriate updates to the plan will be made tactically as the instruments and Europa are characterized and discoveries emerge. Following collection and validation, all science data will be archived in NASA’s Planetary Data System. Communication, data sharing, and publication policies promote visibility, collaboration, and mutual interdependence across the full Europa Clipper science team, to best achieve the interdisciplinary science necessary to understand Europa

Hard exercise, affect lability, and personality among individuals with bulimia nervosa

The current study explores the personality traits of compulsivity (e.g., sense of orderliness and duty to perform tasks completely) and restricted expression (e.g., emotion expression difficulties) as potential moderators of the relation between affect lability and frequency of hard exercise episodes in a sample of individuals with bulimic pathology. Participants were 204 adult females recruited in five Midwestern cities who met criteria for threshold or subthreshold bulimia nervosa (BN). Compulsivity was found to significantly moderate the relation between affect lability and number of hard exercise episodes over the past 28 days, such that among those with high compulsivity, level of affect lability was associated with the number of hard exercise episodes; whereas, among those with low compulsivity, affect lability was not associated with the number of hard exercise episodes. The same pattern of findings emerged for restricted expression; however, this finding approached, but did not reach statistical significance. As such, it appears that affect lability is differentially related to hard exercise among individuals with BN depending upon the level of compulsivity and, to a more limited extent, restricted expression. These results suggest that, for individuals with BN with either compulsivity or restricted expression, focusing treatment on increasing flexibility and/or verbal expression of emotions may help them in the context of intense, fluctuating affect

Subjective and objective binge eating in relation to eating disorder symptomatology, negative affect, and personality dimensions

The current study explored the clinical meaningfulness of distinguishing subjective (SBE) from objective binge eating (OBE) among individuals with threshold/subthreshold bulimia nervosa (BN). We examined relations between OBEs and SBEs and eating disorder symptoms, negative affect, and personality dimensions using both a group comparison and a continuous approach

Efficacy of c-Met inhibitor for advanced prostate cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Aberrant expression of HGF/SF and its receptor, c-Met, often correlates with advanced prostate cancer. Our previous study showed that expression of c-Met in prostate cancer cells was increased after attenuation of androgen receptor (AR) signalling. This suggested that current androgen ablation therapy for prostate cancer activates c-Met expression and may contribute to development of more aggressive, castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Therefore, we directly assessed the efficacy of c-Met inhibition during androgen ablation on the growth and progression of prostate cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We tested two c-Met small molecule inhibitors, PHA-665752 and PF-2341066, for anti-proliferative activity by MTS assay and cell proliferation assay on human prostate cancer cell lines with different levels of androgen sensitivity. We also used renal subcapsular and castrated orthotopic xenograft mouse models to assess the effect of the inhibitors on prostate tumor formation and progression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of PHA-665752 and PF-2341066 on the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells and the phosphorylation of c-Met. The effect on cell proliferation was stronger in androgen insensitive cells. The c-Met inhibitor, PF-2341066, significantly reduced growth of prostate tumor cells in the renal subcapsular mouse model and the castrated orthotopic mouse model. The effect on cell proliferation was greater following castration.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The c-Met inhibitors demonstrated anti-proliferative efficacy when combined with androgen ablation therapy for advanced prostate cancer.</p