Ascent Problems of Sounding Rockets

Sounding rockets are rocket vehicles designed to carry scientific payloads above the sensible level of the atmosphere. The trajectories of these rockets are very steep, and as a consequence, two important problems arise. These problems are: (1) The dynamic stability of the entire vehicle system as it leaves the atmosphere; (2) The effect of winds on the initial part of the trajectory of such an unguided vehicle. This paper will describe briefly the results of a NASA attempt to cope with these two problems on a particular rocket vehicle

The NASA digital VGH program, early results

Data from airline digital flight data recorders provides relevant statistical data for estimating fatigue life consumption of the current airliner fleet and for design criteria updating for future designs. The data indicates real operating effects due to the autopilot, i.e., gust response frequency peak increase by 2 or 3 times, and the existence of the low frequency low amplitude limit cycle motion in altitude hold. The extension of more data types for ground operations is considered. Onboard processing of simple data types is also considered

Control system for rocket vehicles Patent

System for aerodynamic control of rocket vehicles by secondary injection of fluid into nozzle exhaust strea

Pilot's Automated Weather Support System (PAWSS) concepts demonstration project. Phase 1: Pilot's weather information requirements and implications for weather data systems design

The weather information requirements for pilots and the deficiencies of the current aviation weather support system in meeting these requirements are defined. As the amount of data available to pilots increases significantly in the near future, expert system technology will be needed to assist pilots in assimilating that information. Some other desirable characteristics of an automation-assisted system for weather data acquisition, dissemination, and assimilation are also described

Summary of flight tests of an airborne lighting locator system and comparison with ground-based measurements of precipitation and turbulence

Data from an airborne lightning locator system and data relating to storm intensity obtained by ground-based Doppler radars and the S-band research radar are presented. When comparing lightning locations from the airborne lightning locator system with ground-based Doppler radar measurements of reflectivity and spectrum width, the lightning locations tended to be further from the aircraft position than the Doppler radar contours, but at the same relative bearing from the aircraft as the Doppler contours. The results also show that convective storms generate little or no lightning for a significant part of their life cycle, but can produce at least moderate turbulence. Therefore, it is concluded that a lack of lightning activity cannot be accepted as an inference of a corresponding lack of other hazards to the flight of aircraft through convective storms

THE \u3ci\u3ePSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE\u3c/i\u3e TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM: THE TRANSLOCATOR PROTEINS, THEIR SECRETION, AND THE RESTRICTION OF TRANSLOCATION BY THE PLANT IMMUNE SYSTEM

Pseudomonas syringae is a Gram-negative plant pathogen whose virulence is dependent upon its type III secretion system (T3SS), a nanosyringe that facilitates translocation, or injection, of type III effector (T3E) proteins into eukaryotic cells. The primary function of P. syringae T3E proteins is suppression of plant immunity. Bacterial proteins called translocators form a translocon that forms a pore in the host plasma membrane which is traversed by T3Es. HrpK1, a putative P. syringae translocator, is a type III-secreted protein important for virulence and T3E injection, but not secretion of T3Es. Harpins are a group of proteins specific to plant pathogens that are also important for T3E translocation. P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 has 4 harpins – HrpZ1, HrpW1, HopAK1, and HopP1. Here, HrpK1 is confirmed to be a translocator. HrpK1 had a greater impact on T3E translocation than the harpins. HrpK1 and HrpZ1 disrupted liposomes. Both proteins interacted with phosphatidic acid which interfered with T3E translocation. HrpJ, a type III-secreted protein required for HrpZ1 secretion, was also required for secretion of HrpK1, HrpW1, and HopAK1. A hrpJ mutant secreted elevated levels of the Hrp pilus protein HrpA1. HrpJ appears to control transition from Hrp pilus secretion to translocator secretion. Secretion was complemented by secretion incompetent HrpJ derivatives indicating that HrpJ controls secretion from inside the bacteria. The hrpJ mutant expressing secretion incompetent HrpJ was reduced in virulence but was complemented by HrpJ expressed inside plant cells. Additionally, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing HrpJ were reduced in their immune responses indicating that HrpJ can suppress plant immunity. Plants pretreated with an inducer of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity are unable to produce an HR. Plants, as an immune response, have evolved the ability to block T3E translocation when plant immunity has been induced prior to bacterial inoculation. This is especially true in non-host interactions whereas virulent bacteria appear to be able to attenuate injection restriction in host plants via T3E activity. Adviser: James R. Alfan

Project for Public Spaces

Could a change in message facilitate better public space planning?http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120343/1/Crabill_ProjectForPublicSpaces.pd

A Guide for Occupational Therapists: Utilizing Trauma-Informed Care to Guide Intervention for Children in Foster Care

The purpose of this scholarly project was to create a guide for trauma-informed interventions for occupational therapists specifically to use with foster care children. Currently, there are approximately 600,000 children living in foster care in the United States (Child Welfare League of America, 2015). Children in the foster system who have experienced or witnessed violent actions often demonstrate post-traumatic stress like symptoms and diagnoses. Often times these experiences affect their development, coping skills, emotional regulation, and relationships and attachments (Lynch et al., 2017; Deutsch et al., 2015; Heim et al., 2010). It is estimated that between 40% and 60% of children in the foster care system have been diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder and approximately 33% of foster care children have three or more psychiatric diagnoses (Paul-Ward & Lambdin-Pattavina, 2016). Due to their traumatic experiences and subsequent diagnoses, children in foster care often have complex mental health needs (Simms, Dubowitz, & Szilagyi, 2000; Deutsch et al., 2015). A literature review was conducted in order to identify the need to address trauma’s effects and its impact on occupational performance and engagement in various environments. The authors utilized research articles, textbooks, and resources from the American Occupational Therapy Association and other reliable databases. The Ecology of Human Performance model (EHP) was used as the framework in guiding the development of this guide. Our guide, A Guide for Occupational Therapists: Utilizing Trauma-Informed Care to Guide Intervention for Children in Foster Care, was organized by the various aspects of the EHP model. The guide begins with operational definitions, followed by background information, assessments for occupational therapists to use, and trauma-informed interventions that can be utilized by occupational therapists based off of the EHP model