O uso do audiovisual no ensino de história : desafios, potencialidades e limites na escola da comunidade de São José, Cavalcante-Goiás

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Planaltina (FUP), 2018.Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o uso do audiovisual no ensino de história, na escola da comunidade de São José, Cavalcante-Goiás. Foi utilizada a metodologia da pesquisa qualitativa de observação e análise do trabalho desenvolvido em sala de aula, com foco no filme “Quilombo” de Carlos Diegues e a identidade quilombola. A pesquisa está fundamentada nas contribuições teóricas de Nadotti e Diegues (1984), Napolitano (2013), Kochhann e Resende (2016), Bernardet (2000) e Martins et al. (2010) que abordam sobre o uso de filme no ensino de história. Esta pesquisa, a partir da análise sobre a possibilidade de uso dessa ferramenta no ensino, contribui com uma reflexão que será de interesse dos professores de história e de demais disciplinas voltadas à inclusão do cinema na sala de aula, com uso de forma crítica.This work aims to investigate the use of audiovisual in the teaching of history, in the school of the community of São José, Cavalcante-Goiás. The methodology of the qualitative research of observation and analysis of the work developed in class was used, focusing on the film "Quilombo" by Carlos Diegues and the quilombola identity. The research is based on the theoretical contributions of Nadotti and Diegues (1984), Napolitano (2013), Kochhann and Resende (2016), Bernardet (2000) and Martins et al. (2010) that deal with the use of film in the teaching of history. This research, based on the analysis about the possibility of using this tool in teaching, contributes with a reflection that will be of interest to the teachers of history and other disciplines focused on the inclusion of cinema in the classroom, with critical use

Analysis of the film thickness of a root canal sealer following three obturation techniques

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise quantitativa da espessura da linha de cimento endodôntico formada por três técnicas de obturação. Trinta incisivos centrais superiores humanos foram selecionados e acessados de modo convencional. Uma lima nº 15 K-Flexofile foi usada para a verificação da patência foraminal e para determinação do comprimento de trabalho, que foi estabelecido a 1 mm aquém do forame apical. Os canais foram preparados até a lima nº 45. Hipoclorito de sódio a 5,25% foi usado durante toda a instrumentação. Os dentes foram divididos em 3 grupos e obturados pelos seguintes critérios: G1 - condensação lateral; G2 - compressão hidraúlica e G3 - onda de condensação. Os dentes foram seccionados e analisados nos terços cervical, médio e apical. A espessura do filme de cimento foi determinada por um processo semi-automático de análise e processamento digital de imagens realizado no software KS 400. O tratamento estatístico foi realizado com teste de Wilcox, que revelou diferenças significantes entre G3 e G1 e entre G3 e G2, sendo p £ 0,05. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre G1 e G2. De um modo geral, a compressão hidraúlica (G2) e condensação lateral (G1) revelaram uma maior espessura do filme de cimento. A menor espessura do filme de cimento obtida pela técnica de onda de condensação tende a melhorar a performance clínica dessa técnica em relação às outras testadas.The aim of this study was to obtain a quantitative analysis of the film thickness of a root canal sealer formed after filling by three different techniques. Thirty human maxillary incisors were selected and access cavities were prepared using high-speed diamond stones and water spray. A size #15 K-Flexofile was introduced in the canal of each specimen until it was seen just at the apical foramen. The working length was determined to be 1 mm short of that position and the canals were prepared to an apical size of #45 K-Flexofile. Copious irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) was used during and after instrumentation. The samples were divided into three groups and obturated as follows: G1 - lateral condensation, G2 - lateral condensation with an accessory cone, and G3 - continuous wave of condensation. The samples were evaluated in the cervical, middle and apical thirds. The film thickness of the root canal sealer was measured through a microscopic evaluation. Statistical analysis was obtained using the Wilcox test. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between G3 and G1, G3 and G2 (p < 0.05). In general, the lowest film thickness was observed in the continuous wave of condensation (G3). Lateral condensation with an accessory cone (G2) and lateral condensation (G1) demonstrated poorer results in this study, showing a higher film thickness. The small film thickness of the sealer obtained by the continuous wave of condensation technique may increase the clinical performance of this technique

Evaluation of the risk of a stripping perforation with gates-glidden drills: serial versus crown-down sequences

The aim of this study was to evaluate the remaining dentine/cementum thickness using Gates-Glidden burs in serial and crown-down sequences and to observe which of the two sequences is the safest for preparing mesial roots of molars. Thirty-six left and right human mandibular first molars were selected. Standard access cavities were made and initially explored with Flexofiles sizes 10 and 15 until the tip was visible at the apex. The teeth were embedded in a muffle specially developed for this study using a PVC tube with two parallel metal rods in its lid. Each tooth-block was sectioned 3 mm apically to the furcation using a low-speed saw with a diamond disc. The tooth-block was examined under a microscope and an initial image was captured by a digital video system with 8 X and 12 X magnifications. Finally, the tooth-blocks were reassembled in the muffle so that the canals could be instrumented. After instrumentation the area of each mesial canal as well as the smallest distance to the root furcation were measured again. The mesio-buccal canals (crown-down order) and the mesio-lingual canals (serial sequence) presented an average area of 0.46 ± 0.16 mm² and 0.88 ± 0.27 mm² (P < 0.01), respectively. The mean values of the smallest distance to the furcation for the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canals were 0.66 ± 0.19 mm and 0.39 ± 0.13 mm (P < 0.01), respectively. The remaining dentine/cementum thickness using Gates-Glidden burs was greater in the crown-down sequence than in the serial sequence