Early Life Ecology of Tunas in the Gulf of Mexico

Summer ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted in surface waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico from 2007 to 2010 to characterize distribution and abundance of tuna larvae. The assemblage of tuna larvae was comprised of four genera: Thunnus, Auxis, Euthynnus, and Katsuwonus. True tunas (genus Thunnus) were the most abundant, and four species were detected; Atlantic bluefin tuna (T. thynnus), yellowfin tuna (T. albacares), bigeye tuna (T. obesus), and blackfin tuna (T. atlanticus). Intra- and inter-annual variability in distribution and abundance of tuna larvae were observed with higher densities in 2008 and 2009 followed by a decline in abundance in 2010. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and generalized additive models (GAM) based on presence/absence and density were developed to examine the impact of mesoscale features on distribution and abundance on true tuna larvae. Distribution and abundance of true tuna larvae in surface waters were influenced by physicochemical conditions of the water mass, notably sea surface temperature and salinity. Distinct species-specific habitat preferences, were observed and the location of mesoscale oceanographic features influenced larval abundance with higher densities of blackfin tuna, yellowfin tuna, and bigeye tuna associated with convergent zones near the margin of the Loop Current (LC) and other anticyclonic regions (warm core); bluefin tuna was observed in higher densities near cyclonic regions (cold core). Finally, habitat suitability maps were developed based on GAMs and environmental conditions to predict the spatial coverage of suitable habitat of blackfin tuna (2011 and 2015) and yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010). Habitat suitability maps revealed that the amount of highly suitable habitat of blackfin tuna larvae varied between months (June 6%, July 51%); however, in both months larvae were distributed in similar locations along the continental slope and at the margin of the LC in the northern GoM. Similarly, the extent of highly suitable habitat for yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna varied between June and July. A larger percentage of highly suitable habitat of bigeye tuna was exposed to surface oil (23-34%) compared to yellowfin tuna (4-26%), indicating that the oil spill might have impacted the two species differently

Evidence for alternative electron sinks to photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the high mountain plant species Ranunculus glacialis

International audienceThe high mountain plant species Ranunculus glacialis has a low antioxidative scavenging capacity and a low activity of thermal dissipation of excess light energy despite its growth under conditions of frequent light and cold stress. In order to examine whether this species is protected from over-reduction by matching photosystem II (PSII) electron transport (ETR) and carbon assimilation, both were analysed simultaneously at various temperatures and light intensities using infrared gas absorption coupled with chlorophyll fluorescence. ETR exceeded electron consumption by carbon assimilation at higher light intensities and at all temperatures tested, necessitating alternative electron sinks. As photorespiration might consume the majority of excess electrons, photorespiration was inhibited by either high internal leaf CO2 molar ratio (C-i), low oxygen partial pressure (0.5% oxygen), or both. At 0.5% oxygen ETR was significantly lower than at 21% oxygen. At 21% oxygen, however, ETR still exceeded carbon assimilation at high C-i, suggesting that excess electrons are transferred to another oxygen consuming reaction when photorespiration is blocked. Nevertheless, photorespiration does contribute to electron consumption. While the activity of the water -water cycle to electron consumption is not known in leaves of R. glacialis, indirect evidence such as the high sensitivity to oxidative stress and the low initial NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) activity suggests only a minor contribution as an alternative electron sink. Alternatively, the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) may transfer excess electrons to oxygen. This enzyme is highly abundant in R. glacialis leaves and exceeds the PTOX content of every other plant species so far examined, including those of transgenic tomato leaves overexpressing the PTOX protein. Finally, PTOX contents strongly declined during deacclimation of R. glacialis plants, suggesting their important role in photoprotection. Ranunculus glacialis is the first reported plant species with such a high PTOX protein content

The Physiology and Proteomics of Drought Tolerance in Maize: Early Stomatal Closure as a Cause of Lower Tolerance to Short-Term Dehydration?

Understanding the response of a crop to drought is the first step in the breeding of tolerant genotypes. In our study, two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes with contrasting sensitivity to dehydration were subjected to moderate drought conditions. The subsequent analysis of their physiological parameters revealed a decreased stomatal conductance accompanied by a slighter decrease in the relative water content in the sensitive genotype. In contrast, the tolerant genotype maintained open stomata and active photosynthesis, even under dehydration conditions. Drought-induced changes in the leaf proteome were analyzed by two independent approaches, 2D gel electrophoresis and iTRAQ analysis, which provided compatible but only partially overlapping results. Drought caused the up-regulation of protective and stress-related proteins (mainly chaperones and dehydrins) in both genotypes. The differences in the levels of various detoxification proteins corresponded well with the observed changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The number and levels of up-regulated protective proteins were generally lower in the sensitive genotype, implying a reduced level of proteosynthesis, which was also indicated by specific changes in the components of the translation machinery. Based on these results, we propose that the hypersensitive early stomatal closure in the sensitive genotype leads to the inhibition of photosynthesis and, subsequently, to a less efficient synthesis of the protective/detoxification proteins that are associated with drought tolerance

La notion de proposition du XVIIe siècle au début du XXIe siècle

The question of terminological variation in grammar is recurrent in educational circles and among the general public. However, there is no fixed grammar but a study of the language in constant evolution which relates to a support in constant evolution. The metalanguage linked to it is therefore itself in perpetual transformation. First of all, an evolution of the theory is at the origin of the terminological variety. The historical study of the concept of proposition highlights many changes between the seventeenth and twenty-first centuries. In addition, language is subject to social and political influences. There has always been a passion for the French language which has generated normative and prescriptive pressure. Although pedagogues and linguists try to mitigate this importance, the question of spelling and vocabulary of grammatical analysis remains a point of contention between purists and reformists which is not without impact on the constitution of the grammatical discourse in education. Finally, since the emergence of educational programs, the state plays an important role in the construction of the grammatical discourse for the language is mainly transmitted by the school institution which influences the evolution of terminologies. After having maintained on a normative description of the language, teaching has developed, since the end of the twentieth century, a relation of exchange with linguistics which involves a new terminological evolution. This variation is therefore part of a theoretical and pedagogical process that makes sense in a historical context but which can sometimes be confusing when it is captured in a punctual manner.La question de la variation terminologique en grammaire est récurrente dans les milieux pédagogiques et auprès du grand public. Or, il n’y a pas une grammaire à jamais figée mais une étude de la langue en constante évolution qui s’intéresse à un support en mutation permanente. Le métalangage qui lui est lié est donc lui-même en perpétuelle transformation. Tout d’abord une évolution de la théorie est à l’origine de la variété terminologique. L’étude historique du concept de proposition met en évidence de nombreuses mutations entre le XVIIe et le XXIe siècles. À cela, s’ajoute que la langue est soumise à une influence sociale et politique. Il existe une passion pour le français qui génère une pression normative et prescriptive. Bien que des pédagogues et des linguistes tentent de nuancer cette importance, la problématique de l’orthographe et du vocabulaire d’analyse grammaticale demeure un sujet de discorde entre les puristes et les réformistes qui n’est pas sans incidence sur la constitution du discours grammatical scolaire. Enfin, depuis l’apparition des programmes d’enseignement, l’État joue un rôle important dans la construction du discours grammatical puisque la langue est principalement transmise par l’institution scolaire qui influe sur l’évolution des terminologies. Après s’être campé sur une description normative de la langue, l’enseignement connaît depuis la fin du XXe siècle, une relation d’échange avec la linguistique qui entraîne une nouvelle évolution terminologique. Cette variation s’inscrit donc dans un procès théorique et pédagogique qui prend sens dans un cadre historique mais qui peut parfois dérouter quand elle est saisie de manière ponctuelle

Evaluation de l'utilisation des anti-inflamamtoires non stéroïdiens comme traitement antipyrétique chez l'enfant

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Treatment Adherence with Early Prescription of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia

Although response to treatment for the first episode of schizophrenia is generally favourable, nonadherence with the treatment is the first cause of relapse and rehospitalisation within the next few years. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs) combine the advantages of the newer antipsychotics and the long-acting formulation. The evaluation concerns 25 schizophrenic patients hospitalised for the first time, treated with risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) associated with reintegration methods, and followed up for at least 18 months. Clinical observation was completed using Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Clinical improvement was coupled with a good reintegration rate, very few relapse, or rehospitalisation. Bimonthly injection combined with psychosocial methods improved interactive followup, and therefore patients’ compliance with the treatment. Treating with LAIA as early as possible, from the first episode if possible, can reduce relapse, number and duration of rehospitalisation, and cognitive symptoms and improve the quality of life and prognosis

Etude de la corélation entre l'immunohistochimie de la tumeur initial et de la TEP-FDG/TDM après TSH recombinante (rhTSH) en cas de récidive tumorale dans les carcinomes thyroïdiens différenciés.

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