Besançon – Voie des Montboucons

Le projet de rocade contourne Besançon sur environ un quart de son périmètre, de la route de Vesoul au nord jusqu’au boulevard Kennedy au sud-ouest. Bien que passant dans une zone extérieure à la ville antique et médiévale, il pourrait toucher plusieurs axes de circulation, existants dès l’Antiquité, et dont certains ont été repris aux époques médiévales et modernes. Les sondages ont été effectués en tranchées de 20 m à 30 m de long, disposées en quinconce, jusqu’à la roche. Environ 3 km de t..

Vincent – Le Dessus de la Pierre levée

L’entreprise Orsat Granulats, qui exploite la gravière de Vincent, a déposé auprès de la préfecture du jura, une demande d’extension, sur une zone d’environ 18 0000 m2. Compte tenu de l’environnement archéologique dans la plaine d’Arlay, il était nécessaire d’effectuer des opérations d’évaluation sur les futures nouvelles parcelles exploitées. 52 sondages ont été effectués en tranchées d’une largeur de godet (2 m) sur des longueurs variant entre 10 m et 50 m. La surface sondée en cumulé repré..

Inorganic, Organic, and Perovskite Halides with Nanotechnology for High-Light Yield X- and γ-Ray Scintillators

Trends in scintillators that are used in many applications, such as medical imaging, security, oil-logging, high energy physics and non-destructive inspections are reviewed. First, we address traditional inorganic and organic scintillators with respect of limitation in the scintillation light yields and lifetimes. The combination of high–light yield and fast response can be found in Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ and Nd 3+ lanthanide-doped scintillators while the maximum light yield conversion of 100,000 photons/MeV can be found in Eu 3+ doped SrI 2 . However, the fabrication of those lanthanide-doped scintillators is inefficient and expensive as it requires high-temperature furnaces. A self-grown single crystal using solution processes is already introduced in perovskite photovoltaic technology and it can be the key for low-cost scintillators. A novel class of materials in scintillation includes lead halide perovskites. These materials were explored decades ago due to the large X-ray absorption cross section. However, lately lead halide perovskites have become a focus of interest due to recently reported very high photoluminescence quantum yield and light yield conversion at low temperatures. In principle, 150,000–300,000 photons/MeV light yields can be proportional to the small energy bandgap of these materials, which is below 2 eV. Finally, we discuss the extraction efficiency improvements through the fabrication of the nanostructure in scintillators, which can be implemented in perovskite materials. The recent technology involving quantum dots and nanocrystals may also improve light conversion in perovskite scintillators

Numerical simulations of isoproturon transport in conventional soil cultivation with compost obtained by urban biological waste recycling

Strukturna heterogenost tla uzrokovana agrotehničkim zahvatima može imati veliki utjecaj na tok vode i pronos tvari. Glavni cilj rada je bio procijeniti kako prisustvo različitih strukturnih zona u obradivom sloju tla utječe na iniciranje preferencijalnih tokova vode u tlu te procijeniti utjecaj degradacije herbicida izoproturona na dinamiku njegova pronosa. Dugogodišnji podatci s poljskog pokusa (QualiAgro, 2004. – 2010.) na kojem se vrši primjena komposta dobivenog recikliranjem urbanog bio-otpada korišteni su za kalibraciju i verifikaciju numeričkog modela HYDRUS-2D. Tok vode i dinamika izoproturona uspješno su simulirani nakon kalibracije hidrauličkih parametara i temporalne optimizacije brzine degradacije izoproturona. Preferencijalni tokovi su inicirani u međubrazdama uslijed velike poroznosti nastale dodatkom komposta, a kao posljedice usmjeravanja toka okolo zbijenih zona tla. S druge strane, dodatak komposta dobiven recikliranjem kanalizacijskog mulja i zelenog bio-otpada povećao je degradaciju i sorpciju izoproturona u zonama koje su sadržavale najveće količine komposta te se posljedično smanjio i njegov pronos.The structural soil heterogeneity caused by agro-technical measures can have a large impact on water flow and sediment transfer. The main objective of the paper was to evaluate how the presence of different structural zones in the soil’s arable layer affects the initiation of preferential water flows in the soil and to assess the impact of the herbicide isoproturon degradation rate on the dynamics of its transport. Long-period data from the Polish trial (QualiAgro, 2004 - 2010) which applies compost obtained through urban biological waste recycling were used for the calibration and verfication of the numerical model HYDRUS-2D. Water flow and isoproturon dynamics were successfully simulated after the calibration of hydraulic parameters and temporal optimization of the isoproturon degradation rate. Preferential flows occured in interfurrows due to a high compost porosity resulting from the flow’s direction around the soil’s compacted zones. On the other hand, the addition of compost obtained through recycling of sewage sludge and green biological waste increased isoproturon degradation and sorption in areas containing the highest compost amounts, thus reducing its transport

Lithium-Doped Two-Dimensional Perovskite Scintillator for Wide-Range Radiation Detection

Two-dimensional lead halide perovskites have demonstrated their potential as high-performance scintillators for X- and gamma-ray detection, while also being low-cost. Here we adopt lithium chemical doping in two-dimensional phenethylammonium lead bromide (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite crystals to improve the properties and add functionalities with other radiation detections. Li doping is confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and the scintillation mechanisms are explored via temperature dependent X-ray and thermoluminescence measurements. Our 1:1 Li-doped (PEA)2PbBr4 demonstrates a fast decay time of 11 ns (80%), a clear photopeak with an energy resolution of 12.4%, and a scintillation yield of 11,000 photons per MeV under 662 keV gamma-ray radiation. Additionally, our Li-doped crystal shows a clear alpha particle/gamma-ray discrimination and promising thermal neutron detection through 6Li enrichment. X-ray imaging pictures with (PEA)2PbBr4 are also presented. All results demonstrate the potential of Li-doped (PEA)2PbBr4 as a versatile scintillator covering a wide radiation energy range for various applications

The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaf proteome: identification of a gender biomarker to screen male parents

Abstract To establish a proteomic reference map of date palm leaves (Deglet Nour cultivar), we separated and identified leaf proteins using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, respectively. In total, 284 spots were excised from gel and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among them, 158 were successfully identified (i.e, a success rate of 55.6%) conducting to the identification of 126 unique proteins. These proteins were then clustered according to their functional annotations. Identified proteins were involved in metabolism, electron transport, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, cell structure or defence. However, 29.4 % of the identifications gave unknown function. We then compared the proteome map of female and male trees. Only one discriminated spot was found to be specific of the gender. We identified the corresponding protein as an ABC superfamily ATP binding cassette transporter, ABC protein, a protein whose an ortholog in Arabidopsis thaliana was already reported as required for male fertility and pollen formation. The relevance of this protein as gender biomarker was then confirmed in four other cultivars, i.e., Aligue, Khouet Aligue, Kentichi and Kenta. Such biomarker should be helpful in rapidly distinguishing date palm gender of immature trees