Discrimination Revised: Reviewing the Relationship between Social Groups, Disparate Treatment, and Disparate Impact

It is usually accepted that whether or not indirect discrimination is a form of immoral discrimination, it appears to be structurally different from direct discrimination. First, it seems that either one involves the agent focusing on different things while making a decision. Second, it seems that the victim’s group membership is relevant to the outcomes of either sort of action in different ways. In virtue of these two facts, it is usually concluded that indirect discrimination is structurally different from direct discrimination. I argue against the notion that indirect discrimination and direct discrimination have significantly different structures. I first argue that both kinds of discrimination involve similar decision-making processes. Second, I analyze how being in a social group affects personal identity, and from there argue that indirect discrimination and direct discrimination are about group membership similarly. In virtue of these two arguments, I conclude that direct and indirect discrimination are structurally similar

Virtual Reality and Sound Localization

Psychoacoustics is the scientific study of sound perception. Within this field, Virtual Reality is a technique that uses two synthesis speakers to simulate a sine tone coming from anywhere in open space. Using this method it is possible to independently control specific binaural cues in a free-field environment. This study analyzes listener responses to these controlled sine tones to investigate the relative importance of certain binaural cues at different frequencies

The Status of Middle Schools in the Southeastern United States: Perceptions and Implementation of the Middle School Model

For more than 100 years, education communities have debated how best to educate the young adolescent. Proponents of both the junior high school model and the current middle school model have advocated for a specialized approach to educating adolescents that emphasizes the developmental needs of students. To accomplish this, various organizational structures and instructional approaches are recommended. This survey study examines the perceptions of these middle school practices and the implementation of those practices in middle schools in the Southeastern region of the United States. We note several key trends in our results and highlight key differences in perception of importance and implementation of middle school components and strategies compared to the most recent large scale survey administered by McEwin and Greene (2011)

Social Identity in Crisis: Toward a Theology of the Psalms of Asaph

The twelve Psalms attributed to Asaph reflect both elements of theological unity and diversity. Both their unified elements and divergent emphases have been explained in various ways. This paper argues that the Asaph psalms grew out of two contexts of crisis: the Assyrian invasion and Babylonian exile. With these contexts in mind, this paper utilizes a Social Identity Approach to analyze the function of the Asaphite psalms in shaping group identity in light of traumatic events

An Initial Exploration of the 2005 Iowa Rural Interstate Speed Limit Increase using Linear Regression

Speed limit increases, particularly on interstates have been studied and researched many times over the course of the last 50 years in the United States. These research efforts began after the implementation of the National Maximum Speed Law (NMSL), which reduced all speed limits to a maximum of 55-mph. In the years that followed, this restriction was relaxed to 65-mph with the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act (STURAA) and ultimately repealed later by the National Highway System Designation Act (NHSDA). Since the repeal, states reacted in myriad of ways and many studies documented the changes of those reactions. While these efforts have investigated the changes in the fatality and crash rates before and after a speed limit increase, many additional crash data fields are available for research. The primary goal of the research detailed in this thesis was to consider available crash, road, and traffic data more broadly. The data used was obtained from the State of Iowa to observe the 2005 rural interstate speed limit increase from 65-mph to 70-mph

The rhetoric of praise : prayer and persuasion in the Psalms

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/1911/thumbnail.jp

Prototyping of the ILC Baseline Positron Target

The ILC positron system uses novel helical undulators to create a powerful photon beam from the main electron beam. This beam is passed through a titanium target to convert it into electron-positron pairs. The target is constructed as a 1 m diameter wheel spinning at 2000 RPM to smear the 1 ms ILC pulse train over 10 cm. A pulsed flux concentrating magnet is used to increase the positron capture efficiency. It is cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures to maximize the flatness of the magnetic field over the 1 ms ILC pulse train. We report on prototyping effort on this system.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders, Granada Spain, 26-30 September 201

Workforce Housing in Pope County

The University of Minnesota Morris | Center for Small Towns and the University of Minnesota Extension worked with Positively Pope County and the Pope County Housing Redevelopment Authority to explore and examine housing issues linked to employment recruitment and retention within the County. This survey was distributed to employees of selected businesses in the county. Participants were asked questions about their current housing situation, demographic information, as well as their preference to live in Pope County and whether it is difficult to find appropriate housing.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/cst/1074/thumbnail.jp

Easier than you Think – Curbside Consult on the How-To of an Energy Audit and USDA Application

In 2016, K-State Engineering Extension entered into a partnership with the Kansas Corporation Commission to provide energy assessments to Kansas small businesses at no cost. Subsequent to the energy assessment, Engineering Extension works with the business to submit a USDA Rural Energy for America Program grant to implement energy efficiency or renewable energy projects and reduce operating costs. Facilities approved for the grant can receive a reimbursement of up to 25% of the project’s eligible costs. This session provides information on these projects and will inform attendees how to request assistance from Engineering Extension. Through this program, Engineering Extension has assisted 16 rural grocery stores with a free energy assessment; five of these submitted REAP grants. Four have received grant approval and one is still pending. The four applications that have been approved encompass eight projects for a cost of $173,000; USDA will reimburse$43,300. The annual energy savings for the eight projects amount to 279,000 kWh and $35,200. The USDA funding reduced the simple payback for these projects from 4.9 years to 3.7 years. The Engineering Extension program not only meets the conference theme of sustainability through reduced consumption of natural resources required for energy generation, it also aids rural grocery stores in providing rural healthy food access. In addition to partnering with KCC and USDA, Engineering Extension has partnered with Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Kansas in its Pathways to a Healthy Kansas program. Three rural grocery stores in the Pathways to a Healthy Kansas program have requested an energy assessment through the KCC/K-State partnership

The Effect of Barefoot Running on Navicular and Pelvic Drop: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background and Purpose: Gaining knowledge of the change in navicular drop of the foot and pelvic movement in response to barefoot running training may allow sports medicine professionals, coaches, athletes, and others in the healthcare field to decrease the amount of injuries that may be caused by these motions. Effects of a running training program with conversion from a rearfoot strike pattern (RFSP) to forefoot strike pattern (FFSP) to determine impact on navicular drop and pelvic movement is lacking in literature. Due to the increased correlation of hip movement and lower extremity injuries, the purpose of this study was to determine if barefoot running training, with a FFSP compared to shod running using a RFSP, would affect the amount of drop during walking and running activities. Material/Methods: Navicular and pelvic movement was analyzed between shod and barefoot running groups by utilizing the VICON motion analysis system and the static navicular drop test before and after the six-week running program. This study implemented a six-week training program to convert from a RFSP to FFSP in the barefoot running group when compared to the controlled shod group. The VICON was specifically used to evaluate the pelvic movement and navicular drop of the foot during the stance phase of gait in walking and running. A decrease in navicular distance traveled from pre- to post-test, may suggest a decrease in dynamic foot over-pronation. This result could support the effects of barefoot running with a FFSP, as a method for reducing pain and injuries associated with running. Results: Results showed no statistical significance in the Standard Navicular Drop Test. There were no statistically significant differences using the VICON Motion Analysis for assessing dynamic navicular drop or pelvic movement in Barefoot Walking (BW) and Running Barefoot with a forefoot strike pattern (BR). However, trends indicated that post 6 week training the barefoot training group showed decreased navicular drop and decreased pelvic movement in comparison to the shod training group. Discussion: Barefoot running training did not illustrate statistically significant improvement in navicular drop or pelvic drop movement during this study. Data showed that navicular drop presented a trend towards having less movement during barefoot running and barefoot walking post training program in comparison to the shod running group. Due to the limitations of this study (small sample size, narrow population, limited time spent barefoot running training, and specifics of the VICON motion analysis process) future research could address these limitations through conducting an ongoing study and/or open it to the public to improve subject population