Assessing Apparently Equivalent Translations in the News Media

This essay represents a preliminary attempt to devise a method for examining words and their apparently equivalent translations as they appear in the news media. Taking Walter Benjamin’s essay on the task of the translator as a starting point and drawing on Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology and Antoine Culioli’s and Paul Laurendeau’s enunciative linguistics, the author argues that this appearance of equivalence is deceptive, for at least two reasons: first, because differing, culturally specific assumptions underlie the interpretations of these words and their translations; and second, because as the implications of these words and their translations are reported upon and contested (by political actors, by reporters, by editorialists), their meanings effectively change.Cet essai représente une tentative préliminaire de formuler une approche pour examiner des mots et leurs traductions qui sont employés dans les médias journalistiques et qui, selon toute apparence, sont équivalents. En prenant comme point de départ l’essai sur la tâche du traducteur de Walter Benjamin et en se servant de la phénoménologie d’Edmund Husserl et de la linguistique énonciative d’Antoine Culioli et de Paul Laurendeau, l’auteur soutient que cette équivalence apparente est trompeuse, et ce pour au moins deux raisons : d’abord parce que des présuppositions culturelles différentes sous-tendent l’interprétation de ces mots et de leurs traductions; ensuite au fur et à mesure que les implications de ces mots et de leurs traductions sont transmises et contestées (par des acteurs politiques, des reporters, des équipes de rédaction), leurs sens sont en fait transformés

Sixty Years of Boom and Bust: The Impact of Oil in North Dakota, 1958-2018

In the 1950s, North Dakota experienced its first oil boom in the Williston Basin, on the western side of the state. The region experienced unprecedented social and economic changes, which were carefully documented in a 1958 report by four researchers at the University of North Dakota. Since then, western North Dakota has undergone two more booms, the most recent from 2008 to 2014. Sixty Years of Boom and Bust republishes the 1958 report and updates its analysis by describing the impact of the latest boom on the region’s physical geography, politics, economics, and social structure. Sixty Years of Boom and Bust addresses topics as relevant today as they were in 1958: the natural and built environment, politics and policy, crime, intergroup relations, and access to housing and medical services. In addition to making hard-to-find material readily available, it examines an area shaped by resource booms and busts over the course of six decades. As a result, it provides unprecedented insight into the patterns of develop- ment and the roots of the challenges the region has faced. Kyle Conway is an associate professor of communication at the University of Ottawa.https://commons.und.edu/press-books/1013/thumbnail.jp

The Art of Communication in a Polarized World

People’s minds are hard to change. In North America and elsewhere, communities are fractured along ideological lines as social media and algorithms encourage individuals to seek out others who think like they do and to condemn those that don’t. This social and political polarization has resulted in systemic discrimination and weaponized communication trends such as gaslighting and fake news. In this compelling new book, Kyle Conway confronts the communication challenges of our modern world by navigating the space between opposing perspectives. Conway explores how individuals can come to understand another person’s interpretation of the world and provides the tools for shaping effective arguments capable of altering their perspective. Drawing on the theory of cultural translation and its dimensions of power, meaning, and invention, Conway deepens our understanding of what it means to communicate and opens the door to new approaches to politics and ethics. An essential guide for surviving in our polarized society, this book offers concrete strategies for refining how values and ideas are communicated.illustrato

Blockchain Technology: Limited Liability Companies and the Need for North Carolina Legislation

In the last few years, a new, technology-driven organizational structure has arisen in response to changing conceptions of trust: the block-chain-based LLC (BBLLC). Much like the LLC from which they take their name, these entities were adapted to provide unique advantages in the modern business environment. By coupling traditional LLC notions with an existence on a peer-to-peer blockchain network as a series of smart contracts, they allow their members and managers to leverage low-cost and intermediary-free interaction with each other and with other customers and businesses. As blockchain networks generally do, instead of grounding stakeholder reliance on the traditional “trust” generated by human relationships, BBLLCs rely mostly on the proof-of-work concept embedded within blockchain technology—digital ledgers, circulated to all members as well as interested transactional parties that provide a verified history of all transactions within a particular node’s block—to ensure the validity and accuracy of the organization’s operations. More simply, they allow business to be done faster, cheaper, and safer. These benefits aside, most states do not recognize BBLLCs as legal business organizations. And in these states, BBLLCs are instead simply known as decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). But it is becoming clear that more state legislation is needed to resolve the pressing legal and practical is-sues of non-recognition and general operations. And North Carolina has a unique opportunity to address these issues by leveraging the insights sure to be gained from its 2021 FinTech and InsurTech “regulatory sand-box” to develop a BBLLC Act of its own. Already positioned as a leader in its own right in the technology space, North Carolina should follow the lead of Wyoming and Vermont and take its place at the trailhead for the next evolutionary step of business organizations

Who is Tending Their Garden? Edible gardens as a residential landscaping choice

Urban residential yards collectively have a significant influence on urban ecosystem conditions. The growing body of research examining residential yards has explored landscaping preferences, presence of different landscape styles, general gardening activity, and the extent and management of lawn grass. To date home-based edible gardens have received little attention within this literature, while the urban agriculture literature that has primarily focused on community garden space, yet many households grown fruits and vegetables at home. This study explores residential (i.e. home-based) edible gardens in relation to household characteristics from the perspective of edible gardens representing one way urban households’ can allocate resources in their yard, among an array of different land covers and activities. Specifically, we examined basic characteristics of home-based edible gardens and identified socio-demographic and property-level factors associated with presence of those gardens in four neighborhoods within the City of Mississauga (Ontario, Canada). Our statistical analysis drew on a household survey that inquired about edible garden presence, basic characteristics of edible gardens, and household characteristics. We found that just over half of survey respondents tend a home-based edible garden, with approximately one-third of growers starting their edible garden within the last five year. Households living in fully-detached, owner-occupied houses on larger lots were more likely to have edible gardens. There were also differences in participation by ethnocultural origin and residency length. Unlike many other residential landscaping features and activities, income was not significantly related to edible garden presence, suggesting the participation barriers and benefits associated with edible gardens may different from other residential landscaping activities

Atherosclerotic and Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease are Associated with Death at Sublethal Carboxyhemoglobin Levels: A Postmortem Study

Residential fires are a significant cause for morbidity and mortality in the United States. Death is often the result of soot and smoke inhalation causing carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity. The approximate lethal level of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in healthy adults has been well described. However, a significant number of medical examiner cases involve infirmed decedents, often elderly, with complex cardiovascular disease burdens. It is well known that death in these cases will occur at sublethal levels of COHb; however, increased lethality has been largely documented via anecdotal experience and lacks quantification. Fifty‐five cases were identified where death resulted from smoke and soot inhalation suffered in a residential fire. The control group, with no cardiovascular disease, had an age‐adjusted mean COHb level of 61.6% at the time of death. Presence of hypertensive cardiovascular disease showed a 30% reduction in COHb (age‐adjusted mean 43.2%), atherosclerotic disease showed a 33% reduction (age‐adjusted mean 41.5%), and combined disease presentation accounted for 41% reduction (age‐adjusted mean 36.3%). When controlling for age, atherosclerotic and hypertensive cardiovascular diseases were each associated with statistically significant decreases in COHb (p < 0.01). Increasing age was associated with decreased COHb levels at 2.8% per 10 years of life (p < 0.01), even when modeled with hypertensive and atherosclerotic disease. These findings carry important public health significance, as well as practical significance for the medical examiner when interpreting COHb levels in cases of suspected deaths due to smoke and soot inhalation.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155487/1/jfo14261_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155487/2/jfo14261.pd

The Bakken Goes Boom: Oil and the Changing Geographies of Western North Dakota

In 2008, the Bakken went boom. Thanks to advances in hydraulic fracturing, oil production in western North Dakota exploded. As the price of oil went up, so did the oil rigs. People came from all over the country (and the world) in search of work, and cities and towns struggled to keep up. This book is about the challenges they faced. It is about the human dimensions of the boom, as told by artists, poets, journalists, and scholars. It captures the boom at its peak, before the price of oil fell and the boom went bust. This is the only book on the Bakken to bring together such a wide range of voices. It captures a fascinating moment in the history not only of North Dakota, but of global oil production. It sheds light on the impact of oil on local communities that, until now, had not attracted much interest from the outside world. And it shows how North Dakotans, both old and new, have found ways to address the challenges they face in a turbulent, changing environment

A study on microstructural evolution in cold rotary forged nickel-superalloys : C263 and Inconel 718

C263 and Inconel 718 are precipitation hardenable nickel-superalloys widely used in different sections of a gas turbine engine dependent on their strength and temperature capability. Cold rotary forging is an effective route for manufacturing axisymmetric components with significantly higher material utilisation as compared to machining from conventional hot forgings. This paper presents a study on how C263, an alloy system strengthened by γ', and Inconel 718, an alloy system strengthened by γ'' and δ, deform during the cold rotary forging process and how their microstructures evolve. The two alloys exhibit maximum formability in solution-annealed condition. In this study, both C263 and Inconel 718 were annealed before the cold rotary forging operation. Parts with a 90° bend flange were successfully cold rotary forged from tubular preforms with a wall thickness of 6 mm. For both the alloys, the cold rotary forged parts exhibit significant differences in material properties from the undeformed sections to the most deformed section (i.e. the flanges). Post-forging heat-treatments are required to impart the desired material properties throughout the part. Therefore, appropriate annealing and aging treatments were identified for each of the two alloys. These heat-treatments led to uniform material properties for both deformed and undeformed sections of the cold rotary forged flanges in case of both the alloys