Abundancia de Quironómidos (Diptera: Chironomidae) en el bordo JC del norte del Estado de México en el periodo de secas.

The main goals in the present work were to determinate the composition and abundance of chironomids, and to assess the interrelations among several environmental parameters in a temporary pond, known as JC, located in the Estado de Mexico. Temperature, oxygen concentration, hardness, alkalinity, conductivity, depth, Secchi transparency and pH were evaluated. The chironomids were collected with a mini Petersen dredge and identified using specialized keys. The temporary pond is shallow, moderately hard, muddy, with intermediate levels of dissolved oxygen. Fifteen genera were determinated, according to their abundance were: Endochironomus, Lenziella, Einfeldia, Chironomus, Dicrotendipes, Cryptochironomus, Cladopelma, Phaenopsectra, Rheotanytarsus, Micropsectra, Macropelopia, Microchironomus, Cricotopus, Polypedilum and Paratanytarsus. The most significant Pearsons correlations between chironomids abundances, and the environmentals parameters were oxygen concentration (r = -0.86, d.f =6, p<0.05) and depth (r = -0.66, d.f. =6, p<0.05). These results agree with a multiple regression test, resulting in Abn. chironomids (ind./m2 ) = 10830.04- (377.83xO2)+(26.11x hardness)-(32.46x conductivity)-(93.05x Secchi transparency)-(11.98x depth)-(299.25xpH). (R2 = 0.99, p<0.05 d.f.=1)Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: Determinar la composición y abundancia de los quironómidos en el bordo temporal JC del Estado de México y su relación con los siguientes parámetros ambientales: Temperatura, concentración de oxígeno, dureza, alcalinidad, conductividad, profundidad, transparencia y pH. Los quironómidos se colectaron con una mini draga Petersen y se identificaron con claves especializadas. El bordo es somero, el agua es turbia, de regular cantidad de oxígeno disuelto, alcalina y ligeramente dura. Se determinaron 15 géneros que en orden descendente de abundancia fueron: Endochironomus, Lenziella, Einfeldia, Chironomus, Dicrotendipes, Cryptochironomus, Cladopelma, Phaenopsectra, Rheotanytarsus, Micropsectra, Macropelopia, Microchironomus, Cricotopus, Polypedilum y Paratanytarsus. El mayor valor de correlación de Pearson de la abundancia de quironomidos con los parámetros ambientales fue con la concentración de oxígeno (r=-0.86, g.l.= 6, p<0.05) y la profundidad (r=-0.66, g.l.= 6, p<0.05), el modelo de regresión múltiple fue: Abn. quironómidos (ind/m2 ) = 10830.04 -(377.83xO2 ) +(26.11xDureza) -(32.46xConductividad) -(93.05xTransparencia) -(11.98xProfundidad)-(299.25xpH). (R2 = 0.99, p<0.05 g.l.=1

Policultivo de carpas y tilapia en bordos rurales del Estado de México

In this study, growth was evaluated of common carp Cyprinus carpio, grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and tilapia Oreochromis aureus in a policultural system in two ponds LH-I and LH-II. The highest levels of growth of common carp (0.04 cm/day and 0.348 g/day), grass carp (0.04 cm/day and (0.198 g/day) and tilapia (0.060 cm/day and 0.4882 g/day) were obtained in the pond LH-II which was rich in grass. Growth high registered for Oreochromis aureus, show that this specie is good for polycultural system at high altitude.En este trabajo se evalúa el crecimiento de la carpa común Cyprinus carpio, la carpa herbívora Ctenopharyngodon idella y la tilapia Oreonchromis aureus, en un sistema de policultivo en dos bordos rurales, LH-I y LG-II. Los mayores crecimientos de carpa común (0.04 cm/día y 0.348 g(día), carpa herbívora (0.04 cm/dia y (0.198 g/dia) y tilapia (0.060 cm/día y 0.4882 g/día) se registraron en el bordo LH-II, el cual era rico en pastos. Los altos crecimeintos registrados para Oreochromis aureus en la zona, señalan a la especie como adecuada para el policultivo de altitudes elevadas

Alimentación de Girardinichthys multiradiatus (Pisces Goodeidae) en el embalse La Goleta,Estado de México

Girardinichthys multiradiatus is endemic to Mexico and is in the vulnerable category. Their feeding habits were determined in La Goleta reservoir, analyzing the stomach content of 600 individuals by numeric, frequency and volumetric methods. We observed that G. multiradiatus uses a great variety of foods. The analysis of frequency shows that the alga Fragilaria has the biggest presence in the four stations. The volumetric analysis showed, in fishes of 2.0-3.5 cm, that Chironomidae and Diaptomidae stand out; while in fishes of 3.6-5.0 cm were Diaptomidae, Trichocorixella mexicana, Fragilaria and Oedogonium, indicating a more varied use of feeding resources. We conclude that it is an omnivorous fish that consumes zooplankton, zoobenthos and fitoplanktonGirardinichthys multiradiatus es endémico de México y con categoría vulnerable. Se determinaron sus hábitos alimenticios en el embalse La Goleta, analizando el contenido estomacal de 600 ejemplares por los métodos numérico, de frecuencia y volumétrico. Observamos que G. multiradiatus utiliza gran variedad de alimentos. El análisis de frecuencia resalta al alga Fragilaria con la mayor presencia en las cuatro estaciones. El análisis volumétrico mostró que para peces de 2.0-3.5 cm destacaron Chironomidae y Diaptomidae; en tanto que para peces de 3.6-5.0 cm fueron Diaptomidae, Trichocorixella mexicana, Fragilaria y Oedogonium, indicando un uso más variado de recursos alimenticios. Finalmente se concluye que es un pez omnívoro, que consume zooplancton, zoobentos y fitoplancton

Coríxidos (Hemiptera, Corixidae) presentes en un estanque piscícola del Estado de México y su relación con algunos parámetros ambientales

The species of the Corixidae family in the piscicole pond Huapango, State of Mexico is analyzed, as well as their abundance, and the relationship with some environmental parameters during Juanary to december of 1994. Two species were recorded: Krizousacorixa femorata Guérin-Meneville, 1847 and Trichocorixella mexicana Hungerford, 1942. K. femorata was more abundant in November and less abundant  in March. T. mexicana record the greatest abundance in July and the lowest in March, April, October and December. K. femorata showed a positive and significative correlation with the oxygen (r=0.5408; p<0.05) and a negative correlation with the hardness (r=-0.2248; p<0.05), while T. mexicana showed a negative and significative correlation with the depth and the turbidity (r=-0.4423 and r=-0.1624 respectively; p<0.05) and with the oxygen, the correlation was positive and significative (r=0.7163; p<0.05). The Principal Components Analysis marked as parameters with the most influence in the system as well as on the abundances of the Corixidae family, to the depth, oxygen and turbidity.Se analizan las especies de la familia Corixidae presentes en el bordo piscícola Huapango, Estado de México, así como su abundancia y su relación con algunos parámetros físicos y químicos durante el periodo de enero a diciembre de 1994. Se registraron dos especies: Krizousacorixa femorata Guérin-Meneville, 1847 y Trichocorixella mexicana Hungerford, 1942. K. femorata fue más abundante en noviembre y poco abundante en marzo. T. mexicana registró su mayor abundancia en julio y la menor en marozo, abril, octubre y diciembre. K. femorata se correlacionó positivamente y de manera significartiva (r=0.5408; p<0.05) con el oxígeno y negativamente con la dureza (r=-0.2248; p<0.05) mientras que T. mexicana presentó una correlación negativa y significativa con la profundidad y la turbiedad (r=-0.4423 y r=-0.1624; p<0.05 respectivamente), mientras que con el oxígeno la correlación fue positiva (r=0.7163; p<0.05). El Análisis de Componentes Principales, señaló como parámetros con la mayor influencia en el sistema y sobre las abundancias de las especies registradas, a la profundidad, el oxígeno y la turbiedad

Alimentación de Girardinichthys multiradiatus(Pisces: Goodeidae) en el embalse La Goleta, Estado de México

Girardinichthys multiradiatus is endemic to Mexico and is in the vulnerable category. Their feeding habits were determined in La Goleta reservoir, analyzing the stomach content of 600 individuals by numeric, frequency and volumetric methods. We observed that G. multiradiatus uses a great variety of foods. The analysis of frequency shows that the alga Fragilaria has the biggest presence in the four stations. The volumetric analysis showed, in fishes of 2.0-3.5 cm, that Chironomidae and Diaptomidae stand out; while in fishes of 3.6-5.0 cm were Diaptomidae, Trichocorixella mexicana, Fragilaria and Oedogonium, indicating a more varied use of feeding resources. We conclude that it is an omnivorous fish that consumes zooplankton, zoobenthos and fitoplankton.Girardinichthys multiradiatus es endémico de México y con categoría vulnerable. Se determinaron sus hábitos alimenticios en el embalse La Goleta, analizando el contenido estomacal de 600 ejemplares por los métodos numérico, de frecuencia y volumétrico. Observamos que G. multiradiatus utiliza gran variedad de alimentos. El análisis de frecuencia resalta al alga Fragilaria con la mayor presencia en las cuatro estaciones. El análisis volumétrico mostró que para peces de 2.0-3.5 cm destacaron Chironomidae y Diaptomidae; en tanto que para peces de 3.6-5.0 cm fueron Diaptomidae, Trichocorixella mexicana, Fragilaria y Oedogonium, indicando un uso más variado de recursos alimenticios. Finalmente se concluye que es un pez omnívoro, que consume zooplancton, zoobentos y fitoplancton

Aspectos ecológicos de los Corixidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) en el estanque piscícola "GL" de Soyaniquilpan de Juárez, Estado de México

In this work, the species of the Corixidae family in the piscicole pond "GL" in Soyaniquilpan de Juárez (State of Mexico) are analyzed, as well as their density and the relationship with some environmental parameters reording during October of 1995 to August of 1996. Four specis were recorded: Trichocorixella mexicana Hungerford, 1942; Graptocorixa sp Hungerford, 1930; Krizousacorixa femorata Guérin-Meneville, 1847 and Corisella edulis Champion, 1901. T. mexicana was more abundant in November and less abundant in July. Graptocorixa sp show their highest abundance in January and the low in November. K. femorata was more abundant in January and less abundant in May. C. edulis only was recorder in October with low density. The Principal  Components Analysis, signal that the parameters with the most influence in the system, as well as on the density of the Corixidae family, were the hardness, the alkalinity and the pH.Se analizaron las especies de la famiila Corixidae presentes en el estanque piscícola "GL" en Soyaniquilpan de Juárez (Estado de México), considerando además su densidad y su relación con los parámetroa físicos y químicos presentes durante el periodo de octubre de 1995 a agosto de 1996. Se presentaron cuatro especies: Trichocorixella mexicana Hungerford, 1942; Graptocorixa sp Hungerford, 1930; Krizousacorixa femorata Guérin-Meneville, 1847 y Corisella edulis Champion, 1901. T. mexicana fue más abundante en noviembre y mnos abundante en julio. Graptocorixa sp presentó su mayor abundancia en enero y la menor en noviembre. K. femorata fue más abundante en enero y poco abundante en mayo. C. edulis solamente se presentó en octubre y en baja densidad. El Análisis de Componentes Principales, señaló como parámetros con la mayor influencia en el estanque y sobre la densidad de las especies encontradas a la dureza, de alcalinidad y el pH

Estimación puntual de la relación fecundidad-longitud de graptocorixa abdominalis (hemiptera, corixidae) en el estanque piscícola jorge facio, Estado de México, México

Se analiza de manera puntual la relación fecundidad-longitud de Graptocorixa abdominalis en el estanque piscícola Jorge Facio, Estado de México. Se ubicaron tres estaciones de muestreo en la zona litoral del estanque (A, B y C) y en cada una se midió: temperatura del agua, pH, conductividad, oxígeno disuelto, alcalinidad, dureza y turbiedad. Los insectos fueron capturados con una red de cuchara de 50 X 30 cm de marco y barriendo un área de un metro cuadrado. Se analizaron en total 237 hembras: 65 de la estación A, 60 en la estación B y 112 de la estación C. El mayor número de huevecillos se registró en una hembra de 6.94 mm con 64 y el menor número de huevecillos en una hembra de 6.60 mm con un huevecillo. La mayor relación fecundidad-longitud se presentó en la estación C (F=21.803 L-0.032), seguida de la estación B (F=16.284 L0.1097) y la estación A (F=8.2802 L0.2725). La longitud promedio de G. abdominalis fue 7.65 mm y la fecundidad promedio fue 24.3 huevecillos. Se concluye que los parámetros ambientales registrados en éste periodo de trabajo en cada estación de muestreo no presentaron fluctuaciones notables pero su influencia sobre la fecundidad de G. abdominalis fue considerable

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit