Genotype-environment interaction in the production of dry matter of edgeless fodder barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Objective: To analyze the genotype environment interaction (GEI) in the dry forage production of 24 lines of awnless barley and commercial checks of the same and other species, through five environments.  Design/methodology/approach: A randomly complete block design with three replications was used in the five environments evaluated, forage harvest was done at 105 days after sowing. The data were analyzed as combined randomly blocks over environmentss and the (GEI) was analyzed using the AMMI model. Results: Significative differences (p? 0.01) were detected in the main effects and the GEI. According to AMMI analysis, genotypes G26 (Cerro prieto), G27 (Gabyan95), G10, G3, G19 and even genotype G24, showed near-zero interactions, so they were considered stable, while awnless barley lines: G6, G1 and G2 were rated as desirable for dry forage production base don their superiority over the overall mean and its low IGA. Limitations on study/implications: Results may to vary if different environments and genotypes are considered. Findings/conclusions: Threre are stable and desirable awnless barley genotypes that represents an excellent option for forage production in the studied región. The oat check was considered the least productive and Zaragoza, Coahuila, location is considered a potential environment for the production of dry forage using awnless forage barley as those evaluated in this study, in addition this environment exhibited adequate discriminatory power. Key words: Awnless barley, dry forage, genotype environment interaction, AMMI model.Objective: To analyze the genotype-environment interaction (GEI) within the dry fodder production of 24 edgeless barley fodder lines (Hordeum vulgare L.) or commercial controls of the same and other species across five environments. Design/Methodology/Approach: A randomized complete block design with three repetitions was used in the five trial environments, with fodder harvested at 105 d after sowing. Data were analyzed as combined random blocks over environments and the GEI was analyzed using the AMMI model. Results: Significance (p≤ 0.01) was detected in the main effects and the GEI. Genotypes G26 (Cerro Prieto), G27 (Gabyan95), G10, G3, G19 and even genotype G24, showed interactions close to zero, so they were considered stable, while the edgeless barley lines: G6, G1 and G2 were qualified as desirable for dry fodder production, according to their superiority over the general mean and their low GEI. Study Limitations/Implications: Results may vary when evaluating other environments and genotypes. Findings/Conclusions: There are stable and desirable edgeless fodder barley genotypes that represent an option for fodder production in the study region. The oat control was considered the least productive and the locality of Zaragoza, Coahuila, is considered a potential environment for dry fodder production using edgeless fodder barleys such as those evaluated in this study, in addition to showing adequate discriminatory power

Interacción genotipo ambiente en fracciones de materia secade trigos harineros sin aristas

Cereals represent an important contribution tothe diet of stabledcattleduring the winter season, with oats being the most used species, although there are others with forage potential. The production of dry forageand its fractionsin twelve awnslesswheat genotypeswas evaluated,including three commercial witnesses of other species, in order to determine the magnitude of the environmentgenotype interaction(IGA), as noinformation is available at the moment. A random complete block design with three repetitionsin five test environmentswas used, sowing at a density of 120 kg ha-1and doingtraditionalmanagementof winter cereals. Forageevaluations were conducted between 112 and 118 days after planting. Dry forageof fractionswasanalyzed using the AMMI model.Of the IGA detected in the production of dry forage, the largest amount appeared in the stems, followed by that of leaves and finally that of spikes. The wheat genotypes G6, G1, G11 and G9 wereratedas desirable along with barley as they exhibited good yield and stability. Oats werethe least productive and stable.IGA appeared in both the production of total dry forage and its fractions, with the stems showing the greatest interaction. There are awn lesswheats that are more desirable than oats for forage production and their fractions, which can be inserted into winter forage production schemes.Los cereales representan un importante aporte en la dieta del ganado estabulado durante la época invernal, siendo avena la especie más utilizada, aunque existen otras con potencial forrajero. Se evaluó la producción de forraje seco y sus fracciones en doce genotipos de trigo sin aristas incluyendo tres testigos comerciales de otrasespecies, con el fin de determinar la magnitud de la interacción genotipo ambiente (IGA), ya queal momento no se cuenta con información al respecto. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones en cincoambientes de prueba, sembrandoa una densidad de 120 kg ha-1y haciendo el manejo tradicional de los cereales de invierno. Las evaluaciones de forraje se realizaron entre los 112 y 118 días después de la siembra. El forraje seco de fracciones se analizó mediante el modelo AMMI. De la IGA detectada en la producción de forraje seco, la mayor cantidad se presentó en los tallos, seguida por la de hojas y finalmente la de espigas. Los genotipos de trigo G6, G1, G11 y G9 se calificaron como deseables junto con la cebada dado que presentaron buen rendimiento y estabilidad. La avena fue la menos productiva y estable. La IGA se manifestó tanto en la producción de forraje seco total como en sus fracciones, siendo los tallos quienes mostraron la mayor interacción. Existen trigos sin aristas que son más deseables que la avena para la producción de forraje y sus fracciones, que pueden ser insertados en esquemas de producción de forraje invernal

Caracterización y selección de nuevos genotipos imberbes de cebada forrajera para el norte y centro de méxico

Dry matter yield and its fractions (stems, leaves and spikes), leaf/stem ratio, plant height and phenological stage of 36 awnless barley F7 lines, plus two commercial controls (triticale cv Eronga 83 and barley cv Cerro prieto), were evaluated in three environments (Torreón, Coahuila, Navidad, Nuevo León, and Celaya, Guanajuato) in central and northern Mexico. Experimental design was a randomly complete block design with three replicates. Data generated by locations and cycles (i.e. environments) were analyzed as a randomly block combined over environments. The genotype averages were used in a principal components analysis and a cluster analysis. The genotype x environment interaction had no effect on dry matter yield, and was different (PSe condujo una investigación en localidades de Torreón, Coah. (otoño-invierno, ciclos 02-03 y 03-04), Navidad, N.L. (02-03) y Celaya, Gto. (02-03) para evaluar el rendimiento de materia seca y sus fracciones (hojas, tallos y espigas), relación hoja tallo, altura de planta y etapa fenológica, de 36 líneas F7 de cebada forrajera imberbe, y los testigos comerciales triticale cv. Eronga 83 y cebada cv. Cerro prieto. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. La información generada a través de ciclos y localidades (ambientes) se analizó como bloques al azar combinado sobre ambientes. Con los promedios de los genotipos se realizaron análisis de componentes principales y de conglomerados. Los resultados indicaron ausencia de interacción genotipo ambiente para el rendimiento de materia seca y diferencias (

Producción y valor nutritivo de genotipos imberbes de cebada forrajera en la región lagunera de México

In spite of the advantages of barley when compared to other cereals, in México there are few studies on whole-plant barley used as forage and its nutritive value for dairy cows. Twenty six (26) advanced awnless forage barley lines plus commercial varieties of oat (cv. Cuauhtémoc), triticale (cv. Eronga 83), grain barley (cv. Cerro Prieto) and one awnless experimental line of bread wheat (AN-266-99), were evaluated during 2005-2006 and 2006-2007, fall/winter cycles at the "Las Vegas" Ranch located in Francisco I. Madero municipality, Coahuila, México. Dry matter production and other agronomic variables were measured on two sampling dates in each cycle using a randomized complete block design with three replications and forage nutritive value in each sampling was determined also. Results indicated that wheat, oat and triticale were the high nutritive value genotypes in the first sampling due to their energy and protein contents together with less ADF and NDF concentrations, but yielding less dry matter than awnless barley genotypes. In the second sampling awnless barley genotypes kept an adequate nutritive value at later than milky - dough stages through increased energy (NEl and NEm) and decreased fiber (ADF and NDF) contents. These data allows lengthening the period of use of awnless forage barley without losing quality, with the additional advantage that being awnless it will avoid animal damage in delayed grazing.A pesar de las bondades que presenta la cebada en comparación con otros cereales, en México poco se ha estudiado el uso de la planta completa de cebada como fuente de forraje para el ganado lechero. Veintiséis (26) líneas avanzadas de cebada forrajera imberbe y las variedades comerciales: Avena cv. Cuauhtémoc, Cebada cv. Cerro Prieto, Triticale cv. Eronga-83, más una línea experimental de trigo forrajero imberbe (AN-266-99), se evaluaron durante los ciclos agrícolas de otoño-invierno 2005- 2006 y 2006-2007 en Coahuila, México. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones para evaluar su productividad, valor nutritivo y otras variables agronómicas por medio de dos muestreos. Los resultados mostraron que en el primer muestreo, el trigo, triticale y la avena exhibieron mayor valor nutritivo debido a su contenido de proteína y energías (ENl, ENm y ENg) combinados con menos fibras (FDN y FDA), pero con menor producción de materia seca que las cebadas, en tanto que en el segundo muestreo las cebadas mantuvieron adecuado valor nutritivo en etapas superiores al lechoso-masoso al disminuir su proporción de fibras (FDN y FDA) e incrementar energías de lactancia y mantenimiento. Lo anterior permite ampliar el rango de explotación o utilización de la cebada sin demeritar su calidad, con la ventaja adicional de que la ausencia de aristas evitará daño al animal en cosechas tardías

Caracterización y agrupamiento de cebadas imberbes mediante sensores infrarrojos y rendimiento de forraje

En el noreste de Méxicoes necesario tener variedades de cebadaadaptadas a climas extremoscomoalternativa en la producción de forraje.Para la estimación de biomasa, existen sensores infrarrojosremotos que no hansido aplicados encebadas forrajeras.Los objetivosfueroncaracterizar, agrupar y seleccionar líneasde cebada forrajera imberbe,y estimarla asociación de sensores con el rendimiento. Se evaluaron 45líneas contravariedades comercialesen dos municipios del estado de Coahuila,durante el otoño-invierno 2016-17;se realizóun diseño alfa-látice con tres repeticiones,se determinó rendimientode forraje, altura de planta, etapa fenológica, ycomo sensores infrarrojos un termómetro IP-54, un GreenSeekerTMpara índice de vegetación diferencial normalizado (NDVI) y un SPAD-420 para contenido de clorofila;evaluando en dos muestreos.Se realizó un análisis parcelas subdivididas para variables, correlacionespara estimación de relación yunanálisis de multivariadospor muestreo.Los resultados indicaron diferencias altamente significativasen rendimientoentregenotipos, localidadeseinteracciones. Las líneas6, 43, 44, 40 y 1presentaron características deseablesde producciónforrajera.El análisis de conglomerados a 75y 90 dds retuvo cinco y siete grupos de interés respectivamente, marcando diferencias entre gruposen la prueba de T2, formando grupos diferentes en variedades comercialesy líneas. No sedetectóuna asociación positiva y significativa entre NDVIy rendimientopara los genotipos estudiados.Los métodos multivariados resultaron herramientas útiles para seleccionarlíneasforrajeras de rápida producción. Afirmando alas cebadas como una buena opción parala producción forrajeraen épocasinvernales en zonas semiáridas, en comparación de avena y trigoIn the northeast of Mexico,it is necessary to have varieties of barley adapted to extreme climates as an alternative in forage production. For the estimation of biomass, there are remote infrared sensors that have not been applied in forage barley. The objectives were to characterize, group and select lines of barley forage beardless, and estimate the association of sensors with performance. 45 lines against commercial varieties were evaluated in two municipalities of the state of Coahuila, during autumn-winter 2016-17; an alpha-lattice design with three replications was carried out, forage yield, plant height, phenological stage was determined, and an infrared sensor was an IP-54 thermometer, a GreenSeekerTMfor standardized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and a SPAD-420 for chlorophyll content; evaluating in two samplings. An analysis was made subdivided plots for variables, correlations for relationship estimation and a multivariate analysis by sampling. The results indicated highly significant differences in yield between genotypes, localities and interactions. Lines 6, 43, 44, 40 and 1 presented desirable forage production characteristics. The analysis of conglomerates at 75 and 90 dds retained five and seven interest groups respectively, marking differences between groups inthe T2test, forming different groups in commercial varieties and lines. A positive and significant association between NDVI and yield was not detected for the genotypes studied. The multivariate methods were useful tools to select fast production forage lines. Affirming the barleys as a good option for fodder production in winter times in semi-arid zones, compared to oats and whea