The effect of simvastatin on the regeneration of surgical cavities in the femurs of rabbits

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effect of a local application of simvastatin gel in repairing bone defects in the femurs of rabbits.METHODS:Two standard surgical cavities were created in the femoral epiphysis of 18 rabbits. In the simvastatin group (SG), the cavities were filled with a collagen sponge soaked in 0.5 ml of a simvastatin (1 mg) gel, and the cavities were covered with a biological membrane. The bone cavities in the second group (control group) were filled with a blood clot and covered with a biological membrane. On the 7th, 21st and 42nd days, six animals in each group were euthanized, and the femurs were subject to histological evaluation (vascularity, fibrosis, reactive bone formation, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts) and immunohistochemical (anti-VEGF and anti-osteocalcin) analysis. The results were analyzed using a Wilcoxon test (p<0.05).RESULTS:There were significant differences between the two groups: the SG had greater scores in comparison with the CG in terms of the degree of vascularity on the 7th and the 21st days, fibrosis on the 21st day, bone formation reaction on the 21st and the 42nd days and the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on the 42nd day. The immunohistochemical expression was also greater for osteocalcin and VEGF on the 7th, 21st and 42nd days.CONCLUSION:Surgical defects created in rabbit femurs were treated locally with simvastatin gel to stimulate bone repair, which promoted an ameliorative effect in the morphological and immunohistochemical markers of bone regeneration.São Paulo Federal University Department of SurgeryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of SurgerySão Paulo University School of Medicine Institute of Orthopedics and TraumatologySão Paulo Federal University Department of SurgeryUNIFESP, Department of SurgerySciEL

Classification of haematopoietic and lymphoid tumors: WHO, standardization of nomenclature in Portuguese, 4th edition

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue (4th edition, 2008) tumors constitutes an updated review of the 3rd edition published in 2001. The translation of the nomenclature used to describe the entities should be clear, precise and uniform so that clinicians, pathologists and researchers involved in the onco-hematopathological area may identify them accurately. OBJECTIVE: With this purpose, the authors present an updated proposal and a terminological standardization in Portuguese based on WHO/2008INTRODUÇÃO: A classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para os tumores do tecido hematopoético e linfoide (4ª edição, 2008) representa uma revisão atualização da 3ª edição publicada em 2001. A tradução da nomenclatura utilizada para identificar as entidades descritas deve ser clara, precisa e uniforme no sentido de reproduzir de forma correta as diversas entidades clinicopatológicas para clínicos, patologistas e pesquisadores envolvidos na área da onco-hematopatologia. OBJETIVO: Os autores apresentam uma proposta de atualização e padronização terminológica em língua portuguesa, com base na OMS/2008Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de PatologiaUSP Faculdade de Odontologia Departamento de PatologiaHospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo Departamento de Anatomia PatológicaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de PatologiaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de Anatomia PatológicaFMUSP Hospital das ClínicasHospital Israelita Albert Einstein Setor de Citogenética Laboratório ClínicoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Fleury Medicina Diagnóstica Laboratório de CitogenéticaSanta Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências MédicasFMUSP HC Divisão de Anatomia PatológicaUNIFESP Departamento de PatologiaFMUSP Instituto do CoraçãoFMUSP Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Departamento de PatologiaFleury Medicina DiagnósticaInstituto Adolfo LutzHospital Alemão Oswaldo CruzFCMSCSP Departamento de PatologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de PatologiaSciEL

Classification of haematopoietic and lymphoid tumors: WHO, standardization of nomenclature in Portuguese, 4th edition

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue (4th edition, 2008) tumors constitutes an updated review of the 3rd edition published in 2001. The translation of the nomenclature used to describe the entities should be clear, precise and uniform so that clinicians, pathologists and researchers involved in the onco-hematopathological area may identify them accurately. OBJECTIVE: With this purpose, the authors present an updated proposal and a terminological standardization in Portuguese based on WHO/2008INTRODUÇÃO: A classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para os tumores do tecido hematopoético e linfoide (4ª edição, 2008) representa uma revisão atualização da 3ª edição publicada em 2001. A tradução da nomenclatura utilizada para identificar as entidades descritas deve ser clara, precisa e uniforme no sentido de reproduzir de forma correta as diversas entidades clinicopatológicas para clínicos, patologistas e pesquisadores envolvidos na área da onco-hematopatologia. OBJETIVO: Os autores apresentam uma proposta de atualização e padronização terminológica em língua portuguesa, com base na OMS/200864364

Experimental osteoarthritis model by means of medial meniscectomy in rats and effects of diacerein administration and hyaluronic acid injection

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The development of a slow and progressive mechanical model for osteoarthritis is important for correlation with clinical practice, and for evaluating the effects of disease-modifying medications. A mechanical osteoarthritis model was developed to evaluate the effects of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injection and oral diacerein administration. DESIGN AND SETTING: Experimental study at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universidade de São Paulo. METHOD: Total medial meniscectomy was performed on seven groups of ten Wistar rats each, comprising four control groups (C) and three study groups (S). C.I: operated, non-medicated; C.II: operated, injections of HA vehicle; C.III: non-operated, non-medicated; C.IV: operated, non-medicated, sacrificed three months post-meniscectomy; S.I: operated, receiving intra-articular HA injections; S.II: operated, oral diacerein from the third to the seventh postoperative month; S.III: operated, received both medications. All the animals (except C.IV) were sacrificed seven months post-meniscectomy. All femurs and tibias were assessed histologically. RESULTS: The most severe degenerative histological changes were in the tibias of the operated knees. On the contralateral side, all groups had mild changes on the tibial surface. The femoral surface had slight changes. C.I showed severe changes. S.II results matched those of C.IV. HA protected the tibial surface. S.II and S.III had similar results. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The experimental model produced mild arthritis after three months and severe arthritis after seven months; 2) diacerein reduced the degenerative changes in both knees; 3) HA protected the joint cartilage; 4) Combining the two drugs did not improve the results

Endoscopic Study of Ethmoidal Canals in Cadavers, Including a Histological Analysis of Their Contents

Introduction The advent of the endoscope has enabled the use of the endonasal approach for a variety of diseases. Studying the ethmoidal canals is important for surgeries of the paranasal sinuses and the anterior base of the skull