Advances in Modeling of Scanning Charged-Particle-Microscopy Images

Modeling artificial scanning electron microscope (SEM) and scanning ion microscope images has recently become important. This is because of the need to provide repeatable images with a priori determined parameters. Modeled artificial images are highly useful in the evaluation of new imaging and metrological techniques, like image-sharpness calculation, or drift-corrected image composition (DCIC). Originally, the NIST-developed artificial image generator was designed only to produce the SEM images of gold-on-carbon resolution sample for image-sharpness evaluation. Since then, the new improved version of the software was written in C++ programming language and is in the Public Domain. The current version of the software can generate arbitrary samples, any drift function, and many other features. This work describes scanning in charged-particle microscopes, which is applied both in the artificial image generator and the DCIC technique. As an example, the performance of the DCIC technique is demonstrated.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Magnetic Properties Of The Quasi-Two-Dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnet [Cu(Pyz)(2)(Hf2)]Pf6

We report on high-field magnetization, specific heat, and electron-spin-resonance (ESR) studies of the quasi-two-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet [Cu(pyz)(2)(HF2)]PF6. The frequency-field diagram of ESR modes below T-N=4.38 K is described in the frame of the mean-field theory, confirming a collinear magnetic structure with an easy-plane anisotropy. The obtained results allowed us to determine the anisotropy/exchange interaction ratio, A/J=0.003, and the upper limit for the interplane/intraplane exchange interaction ratio, J\u27/J=1/16. It is argued that despite the onset of three-dimensional long-range magnetic ordering the magnetic properties of this material (including high-magnetic-field magnetization and nonmonotonic field dependence of the Neel temperature) are strongly affected by two-dimensional spin correlations

Tunable beam shaping with a phased array acousto-optic modulator

We demonstrate the generation of Bessel beams using an acousto-optic array based on a liquid filled cavity surrounded by a cylindrical multi-element ultrasound transducer array. Conversion of a Gaussian laser mode into a Bessel beam with tunable order and position is shown. Also higher-order Bessel beams up to the fourth order are successfully generated with experimental results very closely matching simulations

Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility in tourism: Development and validation of an efficient measurement scale in the hospitality industry.

ABSTRAC: This article aims at developing an efficient measurement scale for corporate social responsibility in the tourism industry, given the contextual character that is recognized in the practice of this construct. Indicators were generated on the basis of a literature review and qualitative research. To assess the reliability and validity, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were carried out. Results show a multidimensional structure of this construct—including economic, social, and environmental issues. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the field of social responsibility through its practical application regarding concepts of sustainable development which have mainly been theoretical

2. 薄膜中の励起子ポラリトン : 付加的境界条件問題の研究(大阪大学基礎工学研究科物理系専攻物性学分野,修士論文題目・アブストラクト(1986年度),その2)

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました

Sub-micron particle organization by self-imaging of non-diffracting beams

We present the first theoretical and experimental study of dielectric sub- micron particle behaviour in an optical field generated by interference of co- propagating non- diffracting beams of different propagation constants. In such a field, there are periodic oscillations of the on- axial intensity maxima ( self-imaging) that are frequently mentioned as useful for optical trapping. We show that in three dimensions this is true only for very small particles and the increasing number of interfering beams does not enable confinement of substantially bigger particles under the studied conditions. Experimentally, we succeeded in optical confinement of beads radii from 100 nm up to 300 nm but only with the help of fluid flow against the beams propagation. We observed self- organization of the particles into the periodic 1D array with the interparticle distance equal to 7.68 mu m. We observed how a bead jump from one trap to the neighbouring-occupied trap caused a domino effect propagating with constant velocity over the subsequent occupied traps. Phase shift in one beam induced controlled bi- directional shift of the whole structure over a maximal distance of 250 mu m in two co- propagating Bessel beams.</p

Sub-micron particle organization by self-imaging of non-diffracting beams

We present the first theoretical and experimental study of dielectric sub- micron particle behaviour in an optical field generated by interference of co- propagating non- diffracting beams of different propagation constants. In such a field, there are periodic oscillations of the on- axial intensity maxima ( self-imaging) that are frequently mentioned as useful for optical trapping. We show that in three dimensions this is true only for very small particles and the increasing number of interfering beams does not enable confinement of substantially bigger particles under the studied conditions. Experimentally, we succeeded in optical confinement of beads radii from 100 nm up to 300 nm but only with the help of fluid flow against the beams propagation. We observed self- organization of the particles into the periodic 1D array with the interparticle distance equal to 7.68 mu m. We observed how a bead jump from one trap to the neighbouring-occupied trap caused a domino effect propagating with constant velocity over the subsequent occupied traps. Phase shift in one beam induced controlled bi- directional shift of the whole structure over a maximal distance of 250 mu m in two co- propagating Bessel beams.</p

Propagation characteristics of Airy beams: dependence upon spatial coherence and wavelength

We generate a broadband "white light" Airy beam and characterize the dependence of the beam properties on wavelength. Experimental results are presented showing that the beam's deflection coefficient and its characteristic length are wavelength dependent. In contrast the aperture coefficient is not wavelength dependent. However, this coefficient depends on the spatial coherence of the beam. We model this behaviour theoretically by extending the Gaussian-Schell model to describe the effect of spatial coherence on the propagation of Airy beams. The experimental results are compared to the model and good agreement is observed. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America</p