97 research outputs found
Новые подходы при определении степени ограничения жизнедеятельности с использованием Международной Классификации Функционирования, ограничений жизнедеятельности и здоровья
Department of Economy, Management and Psychopedagogy in medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Congresul III al Medicilor de Familie din Republica Moldova 17–18 mai, 2012, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIn the medical model, disability has predominantly been viewed as the consequence of disease or injury in the form of functional losses or impairments.
The onus has been on the individual to make efforts to become ‘rehabilitated,’ restore their function, or to cope effectively with their disabling condition.
The core characteristics of the so-called ‘social model of disability’ – in contrast to the other models stress on (a) how individuals views, experiences and
priorities can be effectively recognized, and (b) how the outcome of medical support and intervention is not necessarily cure or symptom management, but
social participation. Disability is human experience of impaired body function and structure activity limitation participation restriction in the interaction
with health conditions, personal and environmental factors. ICF provides an international common language and universal conceptual framework for
describing functioning, disability and health, comprehensive, biological-psychological-social model of disability and health, consisting from medical
and social aspects.
Медицинская модель рассматривает “инвалидность” как свойство, присущее человеку в результате болезни, травмы или иного воздействия
на состояние здоровья, которое требует медицинской помощи в виде непосредственного лечения у специалистов. Инвалидность по этой модели
требует медицинского или иного вмешательства или лечения с тем, чтобы «исправить» проблему человека. Социальная модель рассматривает
инвалидность как социальную проблему, а не как свойство человека. Согласно социальной модели, инвалидность требует социального
вмешательства, так как проблема возникает из-за неприспособленности окружающей среды, вызываемой отношением и другими свойствами
социального окружения. Инвалидность всегда представляет собой взаимодействие между свойствами человека и свойствами окружения, в
котором этот человек проживает, но некоторые аспекты инвалидности являются полностью внутренними для человека, другие же, наоборот,
только внешними. Наилучшая модель инвалидности, таким образом, будет представлять собой синтез всего лучшего из медицинской и
социальной моделей. Такая более выгодная модель инвалидности может называться биопсихосоциальной моделью. МКФ основывается на
такой модели, совмещающей медицинский и социальный аспекты
Progress in hydroxyapatite-starch based sustainable biomaterials for biomedical bone substitution applications
Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate intensively proposed as a bone substitution material because of its resemblance to the constituents of minerals present in natural bone. Since hydroxyapatite’s properties are mainly adequate for nonload bearing applications, different solutions are being tested for improving these properties and upgrading them near the target values of natural bone. On the other hand, starch (a natural and biodegradable polymer) and its blends with other polymers have been proposed as constituents in hydroxyapatite mixtures due to the adhesive, gelling, and swelling abilities of starch particles, useful in preparing well dispersed suspensions and consolidated ceramic bodies. This article presents the perspectives of incorporating starch and starch blends in hydroxyapatite materials. Based on the role of starch within the materials, the review covers its use as (i) a polymeric matrix in hydroxyapatite composites used as adhesives, bone cements, bone waxes, drug delivery devices or scaffolds and (ii) a sacrificial binder for fabrication of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds. The suitability of these materials for bone reconstruction has becomes a reachable aim considering the recent advancements in ceramic fabrication and the current possibilities of controlling the processing parameters
The VLT-MUSE and ALMA view of the MACS 1931.8-2635 brightest cluster galaxy
We reveal the importance of ongoing in-situ star formation in the Brightest
Cluster Galaxy in the massive cool-core CLASH cluster MACS 1931.8-2635 at
z=0.35. Using a multi-wavelength approach, we assess the stellar and warm
ionized medium components, spatially resolved by the VLT-MUSE spectroscopy, and
link them to the molecular gas by incorporating sub-mm ALMA observations. We
measure the fluxes of strong emission lines, allowing us to determine the
physical conditions of the warm ionized gas. The ionized gas flux brightness
peak corresponds to the location of the supermassive black hole and the system
shows a diffuse warm ionized gas tail extending 30 kpc in N-E direction. The
ionized and molecular gas are co-spatial and co-moving, with the gaseous
component in the tail falling inward, providing fuel for star formation and
accretion-powered nuclear activity. The gas is ionized by a mix of star
formation and other energetic processes which give rise to LINER-like emission,
with active galactic nuclei emission dominant only in the BCG core. We measure
a star formation rate of 97 Msun/yr, with its peak at the BCG core. However,
star formation accounts for only 50-60% of the energetics needed to ionize the
warm gas. In situ star formation generated by thermally unstable intracluster
medium cooling and/or dry mergers dominate the stellar mass growth at z<0.5 and
these mechanisms account for the build-up of 20% of the mass of the system. Our
measurements reveal that the most central regions of the BCG contain the lowest
gas phase oxygen abundance, whereas the tail exhibits slightly more elevated
values. The galaxy is a dispersion dominated system, typical for massive,
elliptical galaxies. The gas and stellar kinematics are decoupled, with the
gaseous velocity fields being more closely related to the bulk motions of the
intracluster medium.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A on 26.01.2021; Abstract abridged for
arXiv; 31 pages, 20 figure
Impact of wearing a surgical mask on respiratory function in view of a widespread use during COVID-19 outbreak. A case-series study
CLASH-VLT: Enhancement of (O/H) in z=0.35 RXJ 2248-4431 cluster galaxies
(Abridged) We explore the Frontier Fields cluster RXJ2248-443 at z~0.35 with
VIMOS/VLT spectroscopy from CLASH-VLT, which covers a central region
corresponding to almost 2 virial radii. The fluxes of [OII], Hbeta, [OIII],
Halpha and [NII] emission lines were measured allowing the derivation of (O/H)
gas metallicities, star formation rates based on extinction-corrected Halpha
fluxes and active galactic nuclei (AGN) contamination. We compare our sample of
cluster galaxies to a population of field galaxies at similar redshifts. We use
the location of galaxies in projected phase-space to distinguish between
cluster and field galaxies. Both populations follow the star-forming-sequence
in the diagnostic diagrams, which allow disentangling between the ionising
sources in a galaxy, with only few galaxies classified as Seyfert II. Both
field and cluster galaxies follow the "Main-Sequence" of star forming galaxies,
with no substantial difference observed between the two populations. In the
Mass - Metallicity (MZ) plane, both high mass field and cluster galaxies show
comparable (O/H)s to the local SDSS MZ relation, with an offset of low mass
galaxies towards higher metallicities. While both the metallicities of
"accreted" (R R500) cluster members are comparable
at all masses, the cluster galaxies from the intermediate, mass complete bin
show more enhanced metallicities than their field counterparts. The
intermediate mass field galaxies are in accordance with the expected (O/H)s
from the Fundamental Metallicity relation, while the cluster members deviate
strongly from the model predictions. The results of this work are in accordance
with studies of other clusters at z < 0.5 and favour the scenario in which the
hot halo gas of log(M/Msun)<10.2 cluster galaxies is removed due to mild ram
pressure stripping, leading to an increase in their gas-phase metallicity.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A on 22 November 201
A 2022 -Herculid meteor cluster from an airborne experiment: automated detection, characterization, and consequences for meteoroids
Context. The existence of meteor clusters has long since been a subject of
speculation and so far only seven events have been reported, among which two
involve less than five meteors, and three were seen during the Leonid storms.
Aims. The 1995 outburst of Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann was predicted to
result in a meteor shower in May 2022. We detected the shower, proved this to
be the result of this outburst, and detected another meteor cluster during the
same observation mission. Methods. The {\tau}-Herculids meteor shower outburst
on 31 May 2022 was continuously monitored for 4 hours during an airborne
campaign. The video data were analyzed using a recently developed
computer-vision processing chain for meteor real-time detection. Results. We
report and characterize the detection of a meteor cluster involving 38
fragments, detected at 06:48 UT for a total duration of 11.3 s. The derived
cumulative size frequency distribution index is relatively shallow: s = 3.1.
Our open-source computer-vision processing chain (named FMDT) detects 100% of
the meteors that a human eye is able to detect in the video. Classical
automated motion detection assuming a static camera was not suitable for the
stabilized camera setup because of residual motion. Conclusions. From all
reported meteor clusters, we crudely estimate their occurrence to be less than
one per million observed meteors. Low heliocentric distance enhances the
probability of such meteoroid self-disruption in the interplanetary space.Comment: 6 pqges, 5 figure
COVID-19 and work environment: legislative developments about the role of the occupational physician in the emergency management and in the SARS-CoV-2-related work accidents notification
Photoneutron measurements in the GDR region at ELI-NP
The Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) is a facility dedicated to nuclear physics research with extreme electromagnetic fields. The expected gamma-ray beams with energies up to 20 MeV, 0.5% relative energy resolution and similar to 10(8) photons per second intensity will allow precise photonuclear measurements. Nuclear structure experiments will involve photo-excitations of mainly low-spin collective states and the observation of the radiation emitted in the subsequent decays. Photoneutron reactions and elastic and inelastic photon scattering are proposed to be recorded using a mixed gamma-neutron detection system using LaBr3:Ce, CeBr3, BC501A and GS20 detectors. Photoneutron (gamma, xn) with x= 1,2 reactions cross sections measurements will be performed with a 4 pi flat efficiency neutron detection system dedicated for neutron multiplicity sorting experiments. The detection system is comprised of He-3 counters embedded in a moderator block. The paper will introduce the experimental setups dedicated to studies of the nuclear Giant Dipole Resonance excitation mode using the high energy resolution and high intensity ELI-NP gamma-ray beams. The feasibility studies performed using extensive Geant4 simulations, results of detector tests will be presented
Identification of Reproduction-Specific Genes Associated with Maturation and Estrogen Exposure in a Marine Bivalve Mytilus edulis
Background: While it is established that vertebrate-like steroids, particularly estrogens (estradiol, estrone) and androgens (testosterone), are present in various tissues of molluscs, it is still unclear what role these play in reproductive endocrinology in such organisms. This is despite the significant commercial shellfishery interest in several bivalve species and their decline. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using suppression subtraction hybridisation of mussel gonad samples at two stages (early and mature) of gametogenesis and (in parallel) following controlled laboratory estrogen exposure, we isolate several differentially regulated genes including testis-specific kinases, vitelline lysin and envelope sequences. Conclusions: The differentially expressed mRNAs isolated provide evidence that mussels may be impacted by exogenous estrogen exposure
The Organophosphate Chlorpyrifos Interferes with the Responses to 17β-Estradiol in the Digestive Gland of the Marine Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
BACKGROUND: Many pesticides have been shown to act as endocrine disrupters. Although the potencies of currently used pesticides as hormone agonists/antagonists are low compared with those of natural ligands, their ability to act via multiple mechanisms might enhance the biological effect. The organophosphate Chlorpyrifos (CHP) has been shown to be weakly estrogenic and cause adverse neurodevelopmental effects in mammals. However, no information is available on the endocrine effects of CHP in aquatic organisms. In the digestive gland of the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, a target tissue of both estrogens and pesticides, the possible effects of CHP on the responses to the natural estrogen 17β-estradiol (E(2)) were investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mussels were exposed to CHP (4.5 mg/l, 72 hrs) and subsequently injected with E(2) (6.75 ng/g dw). Responses were evaluated in CHP, E(2) and CHP/E(2) treatment groups at 24 h p.i. by a biomarker/transcriptomic approach. CHP and E(2) induced additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects on lysosomal biomarkers (lysosomal membrane stability, lysosome/cytoplasm volume ratio, lipofuscin and neutral lipid accumulation). Additive and synergistic effects were also observed on the expression of estrogen-responsive genes (GSTπ, catalase, 5-HTR) evaluated by RT-Q-PCR. The use of a 1.7K cDNA Mytilus microarray showed that CHP, E(2) and CHP/E(2), induced 81, 44, and 65 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs), respectively. 24 genes were exclusively shared between CHP and CHP/E(2), only 2 genes between E(2) and CHP/E(2). Moreover, 36 genes were uniquely modulated by CHP/E(2). Gene ontology annotation was used to elucidate the putative mechanisms involved in the responses elicited by different treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The results show complex interactions between CHP and E(2) in the digestive gland, indicating that the combination of certain pesticides and hormones may give rise to unexpected effects at the molecular/cellular level. Overall, these data demonstrate that CHP can interfere with the mussel responses to natural estrogens
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