‘National Resources’? The Fragmented Citizenship of Gas Extraction in Tanzania

Recent discoveries of oil and natural gas across East Africa have provoked a wave of political optimism fuelled by imaginaries of future development. Tanzania is a paragon of this trend; its government having asserted its potential to become a globally significant natural gas producer within a decade. Yet, this rhetorical promise has been countered by a series of violent confrontations that have taken place between state forces and residents of southern Tanzania. Although these struggles are about various articulations of resource sovereignty, this paper argues that they should be located less in questions of resource control, than in a historical marginalisation of the south, or what has been called a ‘hidden agenda’, that privileges urban centres to the north. Drawing on original qualitative data generated over three years in Mtwara and Lindi regions, it shows how gas discoveries reveal the fault lines in the construction of an inclusive ‘Tanzanian’ citizenship. Protesters counter-narrate their sense of citizenship with insurgent strategies ranging from strike action to calls for secession. In short, natural gas discoveries actually extend the fragmentation of an already ‘differentiated citizenship’. Studies of resource conflict and sovereignty, we conclude, should pay more attention to the contested nature of citizenship

A Synthesizable single-cycle multiply-accumulator

The multiplication and multiply-accumulate operations are expensive to implement in hardware for Digital Signal Processing, video, and graphics applications. A standard multiply-accumulator has three inputs and a single output that is equal to the product of two of its inputs added to the third input. For some applications it is desirable for a multiply-accumulator to have two outputs; one output that is the product of the first two inputs, and a second output that is the multiply-accumulate result. The goal of this thesis is to investigate algorithms and architectures used to design multipliers and multiply-accumulators, and to create a multiply-accumulator that computes both outputs in a single clock cycle. Often times in high speed designs the most time-consuming operations are pipelined to meet the system timing requirements. If the multiply-accumulate computation can be reduced to a single-cycle operation the overall processor performance can be improved for many applications. A multiply-accumulator with two outputs can be created using a combination of standard multiply, add, or multiply-accumulate components. Using these components, a multiplier and a multiply-accumulator can be used to produce the outputs in the most time-efficient manner. A multiplier and an adder will result in a smaller design with a larger worst-case delay. Therefore, the goal is to create a multiply-accumulator that is comparable in speed, but requires less area than a design using an industry standard multiplier and multiply-accumulator

Will Fairtrade Gold bring social, environmental and economic justice to Africa’s small scale miners?

LSE’s Dr John Childs addresses the continuing challenges for the Fairtrade Labelling Organisation (FLO) one year after it launched Fairtrade and Fairmined certified gold

Search and Seizure - Warrantless Search- Allowable Extent Incident to Arrest; United States v. Robinson

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Metropolitan Policeman Richard Jencks, on April 19, 1968, halted Willie Robinson for a routine spot check. \u27 While examining Robinson\u27s driver\u27s license, motor vehicle registration, and selective service card, Officer Jencks noticed an 11-year discrepancy between the two birthdates listed on his driver\u27s license and his draft card. Upon a later check of police traffic records, Officer Jencks discovered that an operator\u27s permit issued to Willie Robinson, Jr., born in 1927, had been revoked and that a temporary license had been issued to a Willie Robinson, born in 1938. Four days later, the same officer observed Robinson operating the same car and, after stopping the vehicle and receiving the same temporary operator\u27s permit, placed Robinson under arrest for operating a motor vehicle after revocation of his operator\u27s permit and obtaining a permit by misrepresentation. Officer Jencks, with Robinson standing up and facing him, began what is called a full field search. \u27 As he searched, he felt an object in Robinson\u27s left breast pocket. Although, as he later testified in court, he did not think it was a weapon, Officer Jencks removed what turned out to be a crumpled-up cigarette package. Upon opening up the package, he found 14 gelatin capsules of heroin. Robinson was then placed under arrest for possession of narcotics. Based upon that evidence, the defendant was subsequently convicted of illegal possession of narcotics

Extraction in four dimensions:time, space and the emerging geo(-)politics of deep sea mining

Despite the truism that less is known about the deep-sea than outer space, deep-sea mining (DSM) is being promoted as the next frontier of resource extraction. In 2019, Nautilus Minerals hopes to become the world’s first company to mine the deep seabed in the waters off Papua New Guinea (PNG). DSM thus stands at the threshold of becoming a matter of politics; it has provoked a wide range of geopolitical imaginaries variously relating to ‘resource security’ and ‘progress’, on the one hand, and environmental disaster and precaution on the other. However, these accounts do little to address the specific ‘nature’ of the deep-sea, seabed and their extreme location and materialities, and are instead framed by classic geopolitical concerns with interstate relations. Against this background and illustrated by examples centred on PNG, this paper argues that future engagements with the geopolitics of DSM are more accurately conceptualised by an engagement with time as well as three dimensional space. This includes the multiple spatial and temporal registers through which both the geology and ecologies of seabed and seawater operate. By highlighting the importance of resource temporalities, it suggests that the geopolitics of both DSM and extraction in extreme places more generally is not only spatially complex, it is also a matter of time

Cloud atlas for the FIRE Cirrus Intensive Field Observation (IFO)

An Intensive Field Observation (IFO) of cirrus clouds was conducted over the mid-western U.S. during the period October 13 to November 2, 1986. This activity, part of the First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE), included measurements made from specially deployed instruments on the ground, balloons, and aircraft as well as observations from existing operational and experimental satellites. One of the sets of satellite observations was the radiance measurements made with the 5-channel AVHRR radiometer on the NOAA 9 polar orbiting meteorological satellite. The ground resolution of the measurements at nadir is approx. 1 km. It is these measurements, made once each day at approximately 2:30 p.m. local time, that were used in determining the present cloud atlas. The area covered by the atlas is slightly larger than the area specified for the IFO, in order to be in alignment with the grid that will be used in a forthcoming atlas for the larger, ETO region. The atlas contains four pages of information for each satellite pass. The 1st page of each group shows the distribution of measured radiances in channel 1 (normalized to the incoming solar flux multiplied by the cosine of the solar zenith angle) and in channel 4 for the area as a whole and for each analysis box. The 2nd page shows the images in: channels 1 and 2, channel 3R; and channel 4. The 3rd page shows the retrieved parameters in graphical form for the region as a whole and for each analysis box, where cloud fraction appears as a contour plot with respect to optical thickness and cloudtop temperature. The 4th page provides a statistical summary of the retrieved parameters in numerical form for each analysis box

Three Chain-Sonnets: John White, Michael Pettitt, Barney Childs

Three part Sonnet possibly read in order by Childs, Pettitt, and White.https://inspire.redlands.edu/barney_childs/1053/thumbnail.jp

Library support for innovative research practice in the social sciences

This report from the Bodleian Libraries provides evidence-based insights and recommendations for the development of library training and guidance for innovative research practice in the Social Sciences Division, University of Oxford

John Lewis Childs Correspondence

Entries include a lengthy typed biography and handwritten letters from his daughter Schwieters on illustrated John Lewis Childs, Seeds, Bulbs & Plants, Floral Park, N.Y., stationery with a history of the business after his death

Quantum information and precision measurement

We describe some applications of quantum information theory to the analysis of quantum limits on measurement sensitivity. A measurement of a weak force acting on a quantum system is a determination of a classical parameter appearing in the master equation that governs the evolution of the system; limitations on measurement accuracy arise because it is not possible to distinguish perfectly among the different possible values of this parameter. Tools developed in the study of quantum information and computation can be exploited to improve the precision of physics experiments; examples include superdense coding, fast database search, and the quantum Fourier transform.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, proof of conjecture adde