EVOLUTIONARY PLACTICITY OF HIGHLY SPECIALIZED ORGANISMS: EVOLUTION OF ERIOPHYOID MITES (ACARIFORMES: ERIOPHYOIDEA) ON PLANTS

Eriophyoids are highly specialized plant-feeding acarifom mites. As a result of miniaturization and adaptation to phytoparasitism they lacked III and IV pairs of legs and acquired elongated vermiform body, unique structure of gnathosoma and peculiar anatomy. Despite the high degree of specialization eriophyoid mites demonstrate remarkable evolutionary plasticity which manifests itself in numerous morphoilogical reversia, parallelisms and modifications associated with occupying of a variety of niches, processes of gall formation, transitions to new groups of hosts and various adaptations to climate change

Eriofide (Acari: Eriophyoidea) na oštricama (Carex sp., Cyperaceae) u Srbiji

Six species of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) are recorded new to the fauna of Serbia: Phytoptus liroi Roivainen, 1947 and Ph. hirtae Roivainen 1950 (Phytoptidae, Phytoptinae); Novophytoptus rostratae Roivainen, 1947 and N. glyceriae Skoracka & Boczek, 2000 (Phytoptidae: Novophytoptinae) Eriophyes lentiginosus Mitrofanov, Sharonov & Sekerskaya, 1983 (Eriophyidae Eriophyinae); and Leipothrix hirtus Chetverikov, 2005 (Eriophydae Phyllocoptinae). No species from the monogeneric subfamily Novophytoptinae was known until now in Serbia. The plant species Carex leporina L. and C. otrubae Podp. are considered as new hosts for N. gliceriae and E. lentiginosus, respectively.Na oštricama (Cyperaceae) je zabeleženo 35 vrsta eriofida, a na vrstama iz roda Carex do sada su opisane 22 vrste. Većina vrsta je palearktičkog porekla. Fauna Eriophyoidea na oštricama u Srbiji nije proučavana. Do sada je bila poznata samo jedna vrsta - Neoleipotorix carexis (Petanović), opisana 1995. godine sa tipskog lokaliteta na Carskoj bari. U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja faune Eriophyoidea na oštricama iz roda Carex sprovedena od 2005. do 2007. godine na nekoliko lokaliteta u Srbiji: na planini Goč i u okolini Beograda, Donjeg Milanovca i Aleksandrovca. Registrovano je 6 vrsta iz dve familije i 4 podfamilije, sve nove za faunu Srbije: Phytoptus liroi Roivainen, 1947, Ph. hirtae Roivainen 1950 (Phytoptidae, Phytoptinae); Novophytoptus rostratae Roivainen, 1947; N. glyceriae Skoracka & Boczek, 2000 (Phytoptidae: Novophytoptinae); Eriophyes lentiginosus Mitrofanov, Sharonov & Sekerskaya, 1983 (Eriophydae: Eriophynae) i Leiopthrix hirtus Chetverikov, 2005 (Eriophydae: Phyllocoptinae). Pored toga, zabeležena je i jedna vrsta iz roda Aceria (Eriophydae: Eriophynae) koja na osnovu raspoloživog materijala nije mogla biti identifikovana do specijskog nivoa. Ni jedna vrsta monogenerične podfamilije Novophytoptinae nije do sada bila poznata u Srbiji. Biljne vrste C. otrubae Podp. i Carex leporina L. su novi domaćini vrstama N. glyceriae odnosno E. lentiginosus

A New Metaculus Species (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Brassicaceae) From Serbia: A Combined Description Using Morphology and DNA Barcode Data

A new species of eriophyoid mite, Metaculus diplotaxi n. sp. inhabiting Diplotaxis tenuifolia ( L.) DC., is described from Serbia. To investigate interspecific variability between Metaculus spp. on three different Brassicaceae host plants ( viz. D. tenuifolia, Lepidium latifolium ( L.), Isatis tinctoria ( L.)), we analyzed phenotypic variability of morphological traits and molecular sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I ( MT- CO1). Discriminant analysis identified seven traits that significantly differentiate three Metaculus spp: M. lepidifolii, M. rapistri, and M. diplotaxi n. sp. Analysis of MT- CO1 sequences supported the results obtained from the analysis of morphometric features

FIGURE 2 in Confocal laser scanning microscopy technique for the study of internal genitalia and external morphology of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea)

FIGURE 2. Larvae of Phytoptus hirtae inside egg (fresh microscope slides). Note: the colour was changed from original (pseudo colour) red to light blue-green for enhancing contrast.Published as part of <i>Chetverikov, Philipp E., 2012, Confocal laser scanning microscopy technique for the study of internal genitalia and external morphology of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea), pp. 56-68 in Zootaxa 3453 (1)</i> on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3453.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10096615">http://zenodo.org/record/10096615</a&gt

FIGURE 7 in Confocal laser scanning microscopy technique for the study of internal genitalia and external morphology of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea)

FIGURE 7. CLSM images of empodia of Setoptus pini (reflected laser light): A. red laser, B. blue laser, C. green laser. Note: the original pseudo-colour was changed to red (A), blue (B) and green (C).Published as part of <i>Chetverikov, Philipp E., 2012, Confocal laser scanning microscopy technique for the study of internal genitalia and external morphology of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea), pp. 56-68 in Zootaxa 3453 (1)</i> on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3453.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10096615">http://zenodo.org/record/10096615</a&gt

Sierraphytoptus Keifer 1939

Genus <i>Sierraphytoptus</i> Keifer, 1939:151 <p> <i>Sierraphytoptus</i> Keifer, 1939:151, fig. LI; 1965:8, fig. 4; Newkirk, Keifer 1975:567; Amrine <i>et al</i>., 2003:17, fig. 18.</p> <p> <b>Type species.</b> <i>Sierraphytoptus alnivagrans</i> Keifer, 1939, by monotypy (Fig. 2).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Sierraphytoptines missing <i>φ</i> I, opisthosoma with two longitudinal ridges and concave furrow between them, rear prodorsal shield margin distinct, tubercles of <i>sc</i> situated in deep indentation of posterior edge of prodorsal shield, setae <i>sc</i> directed posterolaterad, tarsal solenidia <i>ω</i> I and II with spherical knob.</p> <p> <b>Species included.</b> <i>Sierraphytoptus alnivagrans</i> Keifer, 1939.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and hosts.</b> The mites are vagrant on the lower surface of leaves (often settling along the veins and on the midrib) of <i>Alnus</i> spp. (Fagales: Betilaceae). They were recorded from North America (USA and Canada) on <i>Alnus incana</i> (L.) Moench. subsp. <i>tenuifolia</i> (Nutt.), <i>Alnus rubra</i> Bongard, <i>Alnus incana</i> subsp. <i>rugosa</i> (Du Roi), <i>Alnus viridis</i> subsp. <i>sinuata</i> (Regel) and in Europe (Bosnia and Serbia) on <i>A. glutinosa</i> (L.).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The species <i>Sierraphytoptus taiwanensus</i> Huang 2006 from <i>Trochodendron aralioides</i> was removed from the genus because it does not fit the diagnosis of <i>Sierraphytoptus</i> and is provisionally placed in the genus <i>Austracus</i> Keifer, 1944 (for details see Chetverikov & Sukhareva 2009, p.32).</p>Published as part of <i>Chetverikov, Philipp E., 2016, Generic delimitation between Fragariocoptes and Sierraphytoptus (Acari: Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae) and a supplementary description of Fragariocoptes gansuensis with remarks on searching for mummified eriophyoid mites in herbaria under UV light, pp. 271-290 in Zootaxa 4066 (3)</i> on pages 275-277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.3.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/256026">http://zenodo.org/record/256026</a&gt

Phytoptinae

Subfamily: Phytoptinae Murray 1877 Amrine, Stasny and Flechtmann 2003:10,14 Chetverikov et al. 2009: 64 Chetverikov et al. 2012: 44 Chetverikov 2014: 150Published as part of Chetverikov, Philipp E., 2016, New species and records of phytoptid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae) on sedges (Cyperaceae) from the Russian Far East, pp. 367-380 in Zootaxa 4061 (4) on page 369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/26440

FIGURE 6. 3D in Confocal laser scanning microscopy technique for the study of internal genitalia and external morphology of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea)

FIGURE 6. 3D-reconstruction of the internal genitalia of Phytoptus rigidus, bottom view (the same female as Fig. 2A). A. spermathecae, B. spherical spermathecal tube, C. capsule-like reservoir in the connection of two spermathecal tubes, D. transversal genital apodeme, E. distal folder of transversal genital apodeme, F. longitudinal genital? apodeme1 (includes two sclerotised plates), G. epigynium.Published as part of <i>Chetverikov, Philipp E., 2012, Confocal laser scanning microscopy technique for the study of internal genitalia and external morphology of eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea), pp. 56-68 in Zootaxa 3453 (1)</i> on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3453.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10096615">http://zenodo.org/record/10096615</a&gt

Phytoptidae Murray 1877

Family: Phytoptidae Murray 1877 <p> Amrine, Stasny and Flechtmann 2003:8,9 Chetverikov <i>et al.</i> 2013:7</p>Published as part of <i>Chetverikov, Philipp E., 2016, New species and records of phytoptid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae) on sedges (Cyperaceae) from the Russian Far East, pp. 367-380 in Zootaxa 4061 (4)</i> on page 369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.4.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/264406">http://zenodo.org/record/264406</a&gt