dl-Asparaginium perchlorate

Two enantiomeric counterparts (l- and d-asparginium cations related by glide planes) are present in the structure of the title compound, C4H9N2O3 +·ClO4 −, with a 1:1 cation–anion ratio. The structure is built up from asparginium cations and perchlorate anions. In the crystal, mol­ecules assemble in double layers parallel to (100) through N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the asparginium layers, hydrogen bonds generate alternating R 2 2(8) and R 4 3(18) graph-set motifs. Further hydrogen bonds involving the anions and cations result in the formation of a three-dimensional network

Adeninium 3-carboxy­anilinium bis­(perchlorate) trihydrate

In the title salt, C5H6N5 +·C7H8NO2 +·2ClO4 −·3H2O, the 3-carboxy­anilinium and adeninium cations are monoprotonated at the amino group and at a pyrimidine N atom respectively. In the crystal, the components are involved in extensive three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding networks composed of O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N, N—H⋯N and C—H⋯O inter­actions. Bifurcated hydrogen bonds are observed between perchlorate O atoms and adeninium cations

Adeninium cytosinium sulfate

In the title compound, C5H6N5 +·C4H6N3O+·SO4 2−, the adeninium (AdH+) and cytosinium (CytH+) cations and sulfate dianion are involved in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network with four different modes, viz. AdH+⋯AdH+, AdH+⋯CytH+, AdH+⋯SO4 2− and CytH+⋯SO4 2−. The adeninium cations form N—H⋯N dimers through the Hoogsteen faces, generating a characteristic R 2 2(10) motif. This AdH+⋯AdH+ hydrogen bond in combination with AdH+⋯CytH+ H-bonds leads to two-dimensional cationic ribbons parallel to the a axis. The sulfate anions inter­link the ribbons into a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network and thus reinforce the crystal structure

dl-Asparaginium nitrate

In the title compound, C4H9N2O3 +·NO3 −, alternatively called (1RS)-2-carbamoyl-1-carboxy­ethanaminium nitrate, the asymmetric unit comprises one asparaginium cation and one nitrate anion. The strongest cation–cation O—H⋯O hydrogen bond in the structure, together with other strong cation–cation N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generates a succession of infinite chains of R 2 2(8) rings along the b axis. Additional cation–cation C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link these chains into two-dimensional layers formed by alternating R 4 4(24) and R 4 2(12) rings. Connections between these layers are provided by the strong cation–anion N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as well as by one weak C—H⋯O inter­action, thus forming a three-dimensional network. Some of the cation–anion N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are bifurcated of the type D—H⋯(A 1,A 2)

Hydrogen bonding in cytosinium dihydrogen phosphite

In the title compound, C4H8N3O4P+·H2PO3 −, the cytosine mol­ecule is monoprotonated and the phospho­ric acid is in the monoionized state. Strong hydrogen bonds, dominated by N—H⋯O inter­actions, are responsible for cohesion between the organic and inorganic layers and maintain the stability of this structure

Bis(cytosinium) aqua­penta­chlorido­indate(III)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C4H6N3O)2[InCl5(H2O)], comprises two independent cytosinium cations and an aquapentachloridoindate anion. The InIII ion is in a slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry. In the crystal, alternating layers of cations and anions are arranged along [010] and are linked via inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to (001). Additional stabilization within these sheeets is provided by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions

Hydrogen bonding in 1-carb­oxy­propanaminium nitrate

There are two crystallographically independent cations and two anions in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C4H5NO2 +·NO3 −. In the crystal, the 1-carb­oxy­propanaminium cations and nitrate anions are linked to each other through strong N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional complex network. C—H⋯O inter­actions also occur

Legal requirements for public process modeling: a BPMN meta-model extension

Actually, business process modeling presents an important issue for public institutions. However, due to the high complexity of public processes and their characterizing requirements, such as legal one, appropriate modeling languages are not really available yet. In this work, we propose an extension of one of the most useful modeling language, namely Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), to support legal requirements.Keywords: Business Process Management (BPM); Process Modeling; Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN); Public Processes; Legal Requirement

3-Carboxyanilinium hemioxalate

In the title compound, C7H8NO2+·0.5C2O42−, the asymmetric unit consists of an 3-carboxyanilinium cation, and one-half of an oxalate anion, which lies on a twofold rotation axis. The crystal packing is consolidated by intermolecular N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds. The structure is built from infinite chains of cations and oxalate anions extending parallel to the b and c axes. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin. The ratio of the twin components refined to 0.335 (3):0.665 (3)