The Development and Importance of Management and Its Usefulness in the Finances of Schools

<p>1. <i>Juglanspollenites</i>, 2. <i>Caryapollenites</i>, 3. <i>Alnipollenites</i>, 4. <i>Betulaceoipollenites</i>.</p

Evolution of the Cenozoic temperature curves.

<p>(a) Continental curves calculated by the coexistence approach (CA) for East China during the last 65 million years. (b) Continental curves calculated by the CA for Central Europe during the last 45 million years (from Mosbrugger et al. 2005). (c) Temperature change trends based on marine oxygene isotope record (from Zachos et al. 2001).</p

Evidence of a Cooler Continental Climate in East China during the Warm Early Cenozoic

<div><p>The early Cenozoic was characterized by a very warm climate especially during the Early Eocene. To understand climatic changes in eastern Asia, we reconstructed the Early Eocene vegetation and climate based on palynological data of a borehole from Wutu coal mine, East China and evaluated the climatic differences between eastern Asia and Central Europe. The Wutu palynological assemblages indicated a warm temperate vegetation succession comprising mixed needle- and broad-leaved forests. Three periods of vegetation succession over time were recognized. The changes of palynomorph relative abundance indicated that period 1 was warm and humid, period 2 was relatively warmer and wetter, and period 3 was cooler and drier again. The climatic parameters estimated by the coexistence approach (CA) suggested that the Early Eocene climate in Wutu was warmer and wetter. Mean annual temperature (MAT) was approximately 16°C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) was 800–1400 mm. Comparison of the Early Eocene climatic parameters of Wutu with those of 39 other fossil floras of different age in East China, reveals that 1) the climate became gradually cooler during the last 65 million years, with MAT dropping by 9.3°C. This cooling trend coincided with the ocean temperature changes but with weaker amplitude; 2) the Early Eocene climate was cooler in East China than in Central Europe; 3) the cooling trend in East China (MAT dropped by 6.9°C) was gentler than in Central Europe (MAT dropped by 13°C) during the last 45 million years.</p></div

Maps showing the position of the Wutu coal mine and other localities of East China where prior quantitative researches have been investigated.

<p>(modified from Shandong Provincial Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155507#pone.0155507.ref048" target="_blank">48</a>].) 1. Wuyun, 2. Huanan, 3. Yilan, 4. Jidong, 5. Hualin, 6. Mudanjiang, 7. Shulan, 8. Dunhua, 9. Erlian, 10. Huadian, 11. Hunchun, 12. Weichang, 13. Fushun, 14. Shangdou, 15. Huanghua, 16. Zhangcun, 17. Jiyang, 18. Bozhong, 19. Wutu, 20. Shanwang, 21. Lantian, 22. Tianchang, 23. Zhoukou, 24. Du’ao, 25. Changchang.</p

Changes in relative abundance (RA) of megathermic/mega-mesothermic (red line) and microthermic/meso-microthermic (blue line) elements.

<p>Changes in relative abundance (RA) of megathermic/mega-mesothermic (red line) and microthermic/meso-microthermic (blue line) elements.</p

Reconstruction of the Early Eocene vegetation succession in Wutu based on the pollen diagram.

<p>Reconstruction of the Early Eocene vegetation succession in Wutu based on the pollen diagram.</p

Pollen assemblage from the Early Eocene of Wutu.

<p>1. <i>Juglanspollenites</i>, 2. <i>Caryapollenites</i>, 3. <i>Alnipollenites</i>, 4. <i>Betulaceoipollenites</i>.</p

Pollen diagram showing percentage values of the main taxa from Wutu.

<p>Pollen diagram showing percentage values of the main taxa from Wutu.</p

Matrix TNT

The matrix formatted for TN

Matrix Winclada

The Matrix formatted for Winclad