Social factors for coastal management: a short review and some insights

Integration of social-economic and environmental perspectives are important in making the goal of coastal management to be obtained within expectation. In this review paper, the social factor is focused upon in particular. This is due to the fact that human cannot escape from surrounding which becomes their habitat niche. From this review, the social factors are known as 1) human attitudes, 2) differences of social-cultural values, ethics and classes, 3) population growth, 4) stakeholder/citizen perceptions, 5) involvement of social/public community, 6) anthropogenic activities, and 7) the involvement of managers and governance. Most dominantly, anthropogenic activities involved aquaculture, fishing, shipping and port activities, sediment mining, salt extraction, and tourism

Creating Product Visibility to the Bottom of the Pyramid

Emerging markets and the global dynamics growth attract the exploration of business opportunity to the bottom of the pyramid. The economic development derived to the reshaping of the business activi-ties and this is becomes very obvious especially in Asia and South American. The Bottom of the Pyramid customer has been neglected and overlooked by the industries. This paper aims to under-stand in-depth the principle and practical realities on ways to market to the bottom of the pyramid. Theoretical essay was conducted using the literature in relation to 4A marketing mix and mainly The Triumvirate Human Values Ecosystem Framework. The discussion indicates the characteristics, the misperception and opportunity of Bottom of the Pyramid market is focused. Theoretical framework for Bottom of the Pyramid marketing are developed which includes the principle, the scope and the challenges. Application of The Triumvirate Human Values Ecosystem Framework is presented through case study. Research paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Chee Seng, L., Wing Sum, L., Shukor, M. (2015). “Creating Product Visibility to the Bottom of the Pyramid: Integration of Marketing Mix and Human Value Ecosystem Approach”, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1–30

Creating Product Visibility to the Bottom of the Pyramid

Emerging markets and the global dynamics growth attract the exploration of business opportunity to the bottom of the pyramid. The economic development derived to the reshaping of the business activi-ties and this is becomes very obvious especially in Asia and South American. The Bottom of the Pyramid customer has been neglected and overlooked by the industries. This paper aims to under-stand in-depth the principle and practical realities on ways to market to the bottom of the pyramid. Theoretical essay was conducted using the literature in relation to 4A marketing mix and mainly The Triumvirate Human Values Ecosystem Framework. The discussion indicates the characteristics, the misperception and opportunity of Bottom of the Pyramid market is focused. Theoretical framework for Bottom of the Pyramid marketing are developed which includes the principle, the scope and the challenges. Application of The Triumvirate Human Values Ecosystem Framework is presented through case study. Research paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Chee Seng, L., Wing Sum, L., Shukor, M. (2015). “Creating Product Visibility to the Bottom of the Pyramid: Integration of Marketing Mix and Human Value Ecosystem Approach”, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1–30

Contamination in Pasir Gudang area, Peninsular Malaysia: what can we learn from Kim Kim River chemical waste contamination?

This paper reviews monitoring studies of chemical pollutant in the Straits of Johore, especially in Pasir Gudang area. The Kim Kim River chemical waste pollution occurred in March 2019 is reviewed for comparison with the previously reported scientific data. It is concluded that reporting monitoring data in the scientific literature is just a knowledge sharing without any practical implications. Only heavy pollution cases involving human health implications would trigger governing bodies immediate actions. Therefore, reports of scientific monitoring data should be treated with high importance and governing bodies should be working closely with those researchers for the benefits of public at large. It is recommended that ‘Polluters Pay Principle’ should be fully adopted in line with stricter laws and regulations with effective management of clean river sustainability in Malaysia

Oil palm biomass wastes as renewable energy sources in Malaysia: potentials and challenges

This paper reviews the potentials and challenges of using Oil Palm Biomass Wastes (OPBW) as Renewable Energy (RE) source in Malaysia. The OPBW mainly includes Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB). From the present review, the major potentials of OPBW consist of their large availability, being a major sources of lignocellulosic materials for industrial, being economically viable, being a solution to the disposal problem and cost-benefit. The challenges of using OPBW as RE source are being a high dependency on the availability of the OPWB, unfair subsidies given to RE based fuel, the use of POME that produces methane, substantial amount of under-utilization of lignocellulosic wastes from OPBW, the need for further studies on the correct selection of generation plant size, and not economically competitive. Overall, the challenge is to make the OPBWs as a reliable, profitable and sustainable RE industry. Based on the present review mainly from Malaysia, there are definite potentials/advantages of using OPBW as RE source in Malaysia. Ways and suggestions on these practical issues on how to reduce problems facing the use of OPBW as RE source in Malaysia should be investigated and addressed before the large scale utilization of OPBW as RE source can be anticipated in Malaysia

Human interaction with the environmental ecosystem: a review, some notes and insights

The present review focused on the human interaction with the environmental ecosystem. Based on the present review, it is concluded that human interaction on our ecosystem is broadly reported in the literature. By using the model of human interaction with the environment that was firstly recommended by Hammond (1995), the Life Support interaction is focussed and discussed. From the negative picture from the human interaction on the ecosystem concept, a lot of human activities from the past and future are involved. These anthropogenic activities include deforestation depleting food and medicinal resources, the growing world energy demand on non-renewable sources, active transportation, point and non-point sources that create environmental pollution and contaminating the ecosystem in terms of food and clean water supply. In addition, enrichment of the hazardous chemicals in our environmental ecosystem is inarguably contributed by human interactions as the root cause. This is related to human behaviours that have impacted on human welfare which is a prevalent predicament to be solved nowadays

Zn in vegetables: a review and some insights

Zn is an important element in both industrial and biological sense. The great industrial importance of Zn has made this element a potential hazard to vegetable consuming humans. In this review, the important biological role of Zn and the human Zn dietary requirement as well as its toxicity are discussed. The Zn in various commonly consumed vegetables have also been reviewed. Based on a range to previous studies, it is confirmed that human activities such as metal mining and smelting as well as the application of manure fertilizer could contribute to Zn enrichment in both cultivation soil and the vegetable tissues. Zn in vegetable tissues also been discovered to have a strong and positive correlation with some element such as K, Fe, Mn and Cd. Due to Zn’s industrial importance, it will always be a possibility of the occurrence of high Zn enrichment due to anthropogenic activities. Despite the biological importance, the constant monitoring of Zn in various food crops should not be neglected

Higher bioavailability and contamination by copper in the edible mussels, snails and horseshoe crabs at Kampung Pasir Puteh: evidence of an industrial effluent receiving site at Pasir Gudang area

This paper determined the heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni and Zn) in the different soft tissues of mussel Perna viridis, mudflat snail Telescopium telescopium, and horseshoe crabs (Carcinoscor-pius rotundicauda and Tachypleus gigas), and their habitat surface sediments from an industrial effluent receiving site Kg. Pasir Puteh (KPPuteh) [1-6] (a site close to Pasir Gudang industrial area) and relatively unpolluted sites. The sediment data clearly showed that KPPuteh had higher nonresistant geochemical fraction of heavy metals, indicating anthropogenic sources and metal contamination at KPPuteh. However , based on the metal concentrations in all the different soft tissues of the above four biomonitors, Cu was significantly higher than the other comparative site, indicating distinct higher Cu bioavailabilities to the four biomonitors. Thus, it is evidenced and confirmed that KPPuteh was contaminated by heavy metals, having high Cu bioavailability to the four biomonitor

Human health risks of heavy metals in okra (Abelmochus esculentus) and lettuce (Lactuta sativa) collected from selected farms in Peninsular Malaysia

The present study investigated the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in fruit okra (Abelmochus esculentus) and leafy lettuce (Lactuta sativa) collected from selected farms in Peninsular Malaysia, based on cited and unpublished data. For the leafy lettuce, the metal concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) were 1.18-13.9 for Ni, 1.67-24.7 for Cu, 19.0-120 for Zn, 0.20-2.12 for Pb and 71.5-306 for Fe. For the fruit okra, the metal concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) were 1.19-14.4 for Ni, 5.93-20.2 for Cu, 23.7-123 for Zn, 0.01-2.21 for Pb and 43.9-172 for Fe. To estimate the human health risk assessment, all values of target hazard quotient for the 5 metals in the adults of Malaysian population were found below 1.00. This showed that there was no non-carcinogenic risk of the 5 metals via the consumption of okra and lettuce from the present study. Still, it is highly recommended that frequent monitoring of toxic chemicals besides heavy metals should be carried out for possible chemical contamination in the edible vegetables in Malaysia

The marketing of alcoholic drinks and its legal issues

108 p.Alcohol consumption is on the increase in Singapore. Unlike cigarette smoking which is widely discouraged through a variety of measures, the consumption of alcohol is regulated mostly indirectly through excise taxes and constraints on distribution. Accordingly, it is timely to undertake a study that combines all aspect of alcoholic drinks. This study therefore addresses the marketing, social and legal issues pertaining to alcoholic drinks.BUSINES