Esophagoscopy in the early detection and treatment of Plummer Vinson Syndrome

Background: To determine the role of esophagoscopy as a safe and cost-effective procedure which can be used for early diagnosis and treatment of Plummer Vinson Syndrome and prevent development of carcinoma of post-cricoid area. Methods: The study was carried out in E.N.T. department, Rawalpindi General Hospital, Rawalpindi. A total of 25 patients diagnosed with Plummer Vinson Syndrome presented to our department from July 2005 to June 2007 of which 23 patients were included in the study. 2 female patients were found to have carcinoma of hypopharynx and were excluded from the study. Blood CP, serum iron, barium swallow, esophagoscopy and biopsy was done in all the patients. Results: The ratio between female and male was found to be 10:1. Mean hemoglobin was 8 gm/dl. Average mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 68.5%. Serum iron level was less than 40 ug/dl in females and less than 65 ug/dl in males. Web was seen on barium swallow in all the patients and was confirmed on esophagoscopy. Biopsy of esophageal web was taken in all patients. Biopsy of 2 female patients turned out to be squamous cell carcinoma of post-cricoid region while other 21 biopsies showed normal esophageal mucosa. Conclusion: Plummer Vinson Syndrome is still a common condition in females. Esophagoscopy, excision and dilatation of the web and iron replacement is safe and cost-effective procedure to diagnose and treat the disease. If untreated, may lead to serious complications like post-cricoid carcinoma

Privatizing Public Irrigation Tubewells in Pakistan: An Appraisal of Alternatives

As part of its broader groundwater privatization programme, the Government of Pakistan is seeking to transfer to the private sector the management, operation, and maintenance functions of the system of public tubewells (called "SCARPs") which were installed to control waterlogging and salinity. This paper presents a micro level analysis of alternative privatization strategies. linear programming models of representative farms in SCARP I area of Punjab Province were developed to explore the efficiency and equity implications of various transition options. Net benefits of supplemental water available from SCARP tubewells were estimated at about Rs 800 per acre, which are about three times higher than the existing level of O&M expenditure. Even without considering the long-term benefits of waterlogging control, this result implies that the SCARP programme has a high social rate of return. For particular SCARP tubewells which are uneconomical to repair and operate, replacing these tubewells with farmer-owned small tubewells appears likely to improve agricultural productivity and reduce government outlays. Operable SCARP tubewells should be kept in service unless they are replaced by equal or greater alternative pumping capacity in the private sector to prevent waterlogging. Rural institutions should be strengthened to ensure efficient local level groundwater management.

FAMILY ACANTHACEAE AND GENUS APHELANDRA: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL REVIEW

Aphelandra belong to family Acanthaceae. We have reviewed traditional uses, pharmacological potential and phytochemical study of family Acanthaceae and genus Aphelandra. Traditionally the most important part use in Acanthaceae is the leaves and they are used externally for wounds. We have found that Acanthaceae possess antifungal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, insecticidal, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, Anti- platelet aggregation and anti-viral potential. Phytochemical reports on family Acanthaceae are glycosides, flavonoids, benzonoids, phenolic compounds, naphthoquinone and triterpenoids. We have also document genus Aphelandra, its phytochemical and pharmacological potential

The Impact of Perceived Leadership Behavior and Organizational Commitment of Employees in the Education Sector of Pakistan

This paper aims to study the effect of perceived leadership behavior on organizational commitment of employees and the industry that this paper conducts the study in is the education sector of Pakistan. After a thorough review of the literature, research gap was identified and data was collected with the help of questionnaires. Out of 200 questionnaires that were handed out, 170 complete responses were received with a response rate of 85% as part of this self-administered questionnaire filling activity. These responses were obtained from the faculty members of different colleges and universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Random sampling was carried out for selection of the sample for this study. For analyzing the data Pearson’s product moment correlation and regression were used. This study found that there was a positive effect of participative and supportive leadership behavior and the organizational commitment of employees whereas there was a negative relationship between directive leadership and organizational commitment of employees. These findings are useful for managers to understand how they can increase organizational commitment amongst employees for greater organizational productivity. Limitations and future research possibilities have also been indicated

Perspectives of Entrepreneurial Orientation with the Quality of Life

The characteristics of entrepreneurial orientation is played important role in business. How do an entrepreneurial firms and individuals have taken the advantage in industry? This study explores the dynamic capabilities of the organization according to international performance. Our findings indicates the positive impact on dynamic capabilities of the business with perfectly use of this research framework. The main aspect of this paper is to analyse the impact of entrepreneurial orientation with the quality of life. Distinctive features of entrepreneurs and their contribution to the economy can make it possible for third world countries to grow their economies faster and provide financial means to enhance social, health, and environmental well-being (basic dimensions of quality of life), along with products and services that the poor need in these countries. Entrepreneurial orientation combined with organization learning and Quality of life (QOL) are enhanced the dynamic capability of the organization. Present conceptual research will provide the source of competitive advantage and mainstream line for further development of the business .We suggest that existing literature reconfiguring the different approaches for the entrepreneurial to capture the opportunities in world business. First, quality of life cannot possibly improve in inactive or weakening economic conditions; second, economic development in the third world countries cannot advance in a balanced and desirable manner without a major domestic entrepreneurship movement (Samli 2004, 2008a)

Perspectives of Entrepreneurial Orientation with the Quality of Life

The characteristics of entrepreneurial orientation is played important role in business. How do an entrepreneurial firms and individuals have taken the advantage in industry? This study explores the dynamic capabilities of the organization according to international performance. Our findings indicates the positive impact on dynamic capabilities of the business with perfectly use of this research framework. The main aspect of this paper is to analyse the impact of entrepreneurial orientation with the quality of life. Distinctive features of entrepreneurs and their contribution to the economy can make it possible for third world countries to grow their economies faster and provide financial means to enhance social, health, and environmental well-being (basic dimensions of quality of life), along with products and services that the poor need in these countries. Entrepreneurial orientation combined with organization learning and Quality of life (QOL) are enhanced the dynamic capability of the organization. Present conceptual research will provide the source of competitive advantage and mainstream line for further development of the business .We suggest that existing literature reconfiguring the different approaches for the entrepreneurial to capture the opportunities in world business. First, quality of life cannot possibly improve in inactive or weakening economic conditions; second, economic development in the third world countries cannot advance in a balanced and desirable manner without a major domestic entrepreneurship movement (Samli 2004, 2008a)

Perspectives of entrepreneurial orientation with the quality of life

The characteristics of entrepreneurial orientation is played important role in business. How do an entrepreneurial firms and individuals have taken the advantage in industry? This study explores the dynamic capabilities of the organization according to international performance. Our findings indicates the positive impact on dynamic capabilities of the business with perfectly use of this research framework. The main aspect of this paper is to analyse the impact of entrepreneurial orientation with the quality of life. Distinctive features of entrepreneurs and their contribution to the economy can make it possible for third world countries to grow their economies faster and provide financial means to enhance social, health, and environmental well-being (basic dimensions of quality of life), along with products and services that the poor need in these countries. Entrepreneurial orientation combined with organization learning and Quality of life (QOL) are enhanced the dynamic capability of the organization. Present conceptual research will provide the source of competitive advantage and mainstream line for further development of the business .We suggest that existing literature reconfiguring the different approaches for the entrepreneurial to capture the opportunities in world business. First, quality of life cannot possibly improve in inactive or weakening economic conditions; second, economic development in the third world countries cannot advance in a balanced and desirable manner without a major domestic entrepreneurship movement (Samli 2004, 2008a)