Factors Affecting Cotton Production in Pakistan:Empirical Evidence from Multan District

This paper attempts to examine the factors affecting cotton production in Multan region using primary source of data. A sample of 60 small farmers, 25 medium and 15 large farmers was randomly selected from two Tehsils namely Multan and Shujabad of district Multan. The Cobb-Douglas Production Function is employed to assess the effects of various inputs like cultivation, seed and sowing, irrigation, fertilizer, plant protection, inter-culturing / hoeing and labour cost on cotton yield. The results depicted that seed, fertilizer and irrigation were found scarce commodity for all category of farmers in district Multan. The Cobb-Douglas Production Function results revealed that the coefficients for cultivation (0.113) and seed (0.103) were found statistically significant at 1 percent level. The Cost-Benefit Ratio for the large farmers was found higher (1.41) than that of small (1.22) and medium (1.24) farmers. There is a dire need to ensure the availability of these scarce inputs by both public and private sectors as these inputs were major requirement of the cotton crop.Cotton; Cobb- Douglas Production Function; Cost Benefit Ratio; Marginal Value Product; Allocate Efficiency of Critical Inputs; Multan District; Pakistan

The Socio-Economic and Demographic Determinants of Women Work Participation in Pakistan: Evidence from Bahawalpur District

The analysis of labour market participation is useful for formulating employment and human resource development policies. Females form almost more than half of the total population in Pakistan play a very important role in the country. The present study endeavors to estimate the various factors which affect the women work participation. The study is based on the cross-section data collected through field survey. The logistic regression technique is employed to estimate the determinants of female labour force participation. Educational attainment levels turn out to be very significant determinant. Female’s labour force participation rises with increasing level of education. Presence of children in early age groups reduces the female labour force participation. The results of the study conclude that female education is necessary for better employment opportunities.Female labor force participation; Female education; Household Income; Family Dependents; Marital Status; Children; Logit Model; Pakistan

Effect of Human Capital on Organization Performance: An Analysis from Service Sector of Punjab, Pakistan

In today’s fast changing environment, where globalization is taking place, competition is increasing day by day. So, it has become a challenge for organizations to remain competitive. In order to remain competitive, it has become necessary for organizations to find ways through which they can compete in competitive world. For this reason, human capital is such a resource that can provide organizations with competitive advantage as human capital resource cannot be easily copied or imitated. In order to find out the impact of human capital on organization performance, present study is carried out in service sector of Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose data was collected from five major cities of Punjab, Pakistan. Respondents were faculty members of universities and officer grade employees of banking sector. Analysis showed that human capital does affect the career, job and life satisfaction of employees which are indicators of organization performance. Empirical analysis showed that human capital positively affects the career satisfaction as was shown by β = 0.500, and significant at p = 0.000. Same is case with human capital and job satisfaction as represented by β = 0.281, and significant at p = 0.000. Human Capital and life satisfaction was also found to be dependent as shown by β = 0.301, significant at p = 0.000

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Effect of Human Capital on Organization Performance: An Analysis from Service Sector of Punjab, Pakistan

In today’s fast changing environment, where globalization is taking place, competition is increasing day by day. So, it has become a challenge for organizations to remain competitive. In order to remain competitive, it has become necessary for organizations to find ways through which they can compete in competitive world. For this reason, human capital is such a resource that can provide organizations with competitive advantage as human capital resource cannot be easily copied or imitated. In order to find out the impact of human capital on organization performance, present study is carried out in service sector of Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose data was collected from five major cities of Punjab, Pakistan. Respondents were faculty members of universities and officer grade employees of banking sector. Analysis showed that human capital does affect the career, job and life satisfaction of employees which are indicators of organization performance. Empirical analysis showed that human capital positively affects the career satisfaction as was shown by β = 0.500, and significant at p = 0.000. Same is case with human capital and job satisfaction as represented by β = 0.281, and significant at p = 0.000. Human Capital and life satisfaction was also found to be dependent as shown by β = 0.301, significant at p = 0.000

Spatial Distribution of Socio-economic Inequality: Evidence from Inequality Maps of a Village in Tribal Region of Pakistan

Economic and social inequality is consistently persisting in tribal region of Pakistan. People in the tribal region of Pakistan are living in deprived state whereby they lack even basic necessities in their lives. As described by Gul, the tribal areas are different than the rural areas because tribal areas are located in far flung mountainous terrain where accessibility to basic amenities is much lower than the rural areas [Gul (2013)]. In recent times, the Government of Pakistan initiated many efforts for provision of basic amenities in tribal areas as an essential component of development in the context of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, according to John the desired state is yet to be achieved in tribal areas [John (2009)]. Tribal life is characterised by hardship and great insecurity especially for poor labour. Given the income vulnerabilities, the long run welfare is forgone for short run securities. Interruption, reduction or loss of earnings from the contingencies such as unemployment, underemployment, low wages, low prices and failure to find the market for the produce, old age, ill-health, sickness, disability etc. are the situations which call for social security and protection. As concluded by Talbot, this constant state of deprivation has generated deep rooted inequalities in the tribal society [Talbot (1998)]. People take rescue measures such as sending their earners to urban areas and if possible to foreign countries. Those who have lands and doing agriculture are the blessed one, although, the earning pattern is distorted due to law and order situation. To have an assessment of the overall economic inequality in the tribal region, author conducted a study in a small village Naryab which is located in the tribal region. Primary data was collected from the households physically and it was thoroughly analysed to conclude the pattern of inequality. This inequality was then mapped using latest mapping software “SURFER”