Amélioration génétique de la moutarde brune (Brassica juncea) : Apports du marquage moléculaire pour la création de génotypes de type hiver

Un diaporama a été présenté lors de ces journéesSPEIPMCT2 (vu SJ

Profiles of Volatile Compounds from Seven New Hybrid Families Obtained by Crossings on Noir de Bourgogne Cultivar and Other Blackcurrant Varieties

Berries of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) are popular for their strong and complex aroma and their benefits for health. In Burgundy (France), the most famous blackcurrant cultivar is the “Noir de Bourgogne”. A blackcurrant breeding program was conducted to obtain new varieties, more resistant to infections and climate changes. The cultivar “Noir de Bourgogne” was crossed with seven other varieties in order to create a hybrid with good agronomic properties and organoleptic properties close to the ones of “Noir de Bourgogne”. Several hybrids were created, and their aromatic profiles studied. Berries of eight cultivars, among which Noir de Bourgogne and hybrids resulting from crossings, were harvested during the summer of 2020. Volatile compounds of berries were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used as the most useful chemometric technique. The profiles in volatile compounds of hybrids were either different from those of the two parental varieties or close to that of varieties other than Bourgogne black. In all cases, the overall aroma strength of the hybrid did not equal that of the Noir de Bourgogne cultivar

Deciphering the route of Ralstonia solanacearum colonization in Arabidopsis thaliana roots during a compatible interaction: focus at the plant cell wall

International audienceThe compatible interaction between the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and the GMI1000 strain of the phytopathogenic bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum, was investigated in an in vitro pathosystem. We describe the progression of the bacteria in the root from penetration at the root surface to the xylem vessels and the cell type-specific, cell wall-associated modifications that accompanies bacterial colonization. Within 6 days post inoculation, R. solanacearum provoked a rapid plasmolysis of the epidermal, cortical, and endodermal cells, including those not directly in contact with the bacteria. Plasmolysis was accompanied by a global degradation of pectic homogalacturonanes as shown by the loss of JIM7 and JIM5 antibody signal in the cell wall of these cell types. As indicated by immunolabeling with Rsol-I antibodies that specifically recognize R. solanacearum, the bacteria progresses through the root in a highly directed, centripetal manner to the xylem poles, without extensive multiplication in the intercellular spaces along its path. Entry into the vascular cylinder was facilitated by cell collapse of the two pericycle cells located at the xylem poles. Once the bacteria reached the xylem vessels, they multiplied abundantly and moved from vessel to vessel by digesting the pit membrane between adjacent vessels. The degradation of the secondary walls of xylem vessels was not a prerequisite for vessel colonization as LM10 antibodies strongly labeled xylem cell walls, even at very late stages in disease development. Finally, the capacity of R. solanacearum to specifically degrade certain cell wall components and not others could be correlated with the arsenal of cell wall hydrolytic enzymes identified in the bacterial genome

Point sur le projet "Pérennité et développement de la filière cassis en Bourgogne"

Newsletter CassisL’association interprofessionnelle des Acteurs du Cassis en Bourgogne, qui a vu le jour en 2016, est le porteur du projet « Pérennité et développement de la filière cassis en Bourgogne ». Démarré en 2018, celui-ci rassemble plusieurs partenaires techniques et scientifiques qui travaillent conjointement pour trouver des solutions aux difficultés rencontrées par la filière face aux aléas climatiques et sanitaires. Ainsi, le CNRS, SAYENS, les laboratoires SPIRAL, AgroSup Dijon et la Chambre d’Agriculture de Côte-d’Or, constituent le groupe opérationnel qui travaille sur les 3 axes identifiés comme cruciaux pour stabiliser les rendements du cassis : le développement de mesures agro-écologiques pour lutter contre la cochenille et favoriser la pollinisation, l’assainissement des plants et l’amélioration variétal

Effect of Cultivars, Environment, and Year on Agronomic Traits, Biochemical Composition of Major Constituents (Lipids, Proteins, and Polysaccharides), and Rheological Properties of Seeds in Brassica juncea

International audienceIn order to provide varieties of Brassica juncea that meet agronomic and technological qualities, it is necessary to define criteria that are predictive of the quality of the finished product. The objective of our study is to characterize the macromolecula r components of the mustard seed in order to identify the compositional profile responsible for the technological quality of mustard pastes. A collection of cultivars that maximizes genetic and technological diversity were grown on three plots and over two years. Our results showed (i) the impact of the genetic and pedoclimatic factors on seed macromolecular components and on rheological properties estimated by measuring the flow in a Bostwick consistometer, and (ii) the potential role of seed storage proteins and cell wall polysaccharides in the mustard paste consistency. Data analyses allow us to propose new criteria for evaluating the technological quality of seeds and to identify interesting genotypes as candidates for future breeding programs

Data on agronomic traits, biochemical composition of lipids, proteins and polysaccharides and rheological measurement in a brown mustard seed collection

International audienceThe data were collected from a brown mustard seeds collection of 18 accessions during two years and in three distinct sites of production in France. The 18 accessions of mustard seeds were selected to be representative of genetic, agronomical and technological variabilities. All accessions were produced in the "Bourgogne " area. This article describes agronomical data (PMG, yield), genotyping data, global composition of mustard seeds (lipids, proteins and polysaccharides) and fine composition of the previous macronutrients potentially involved in the technological properties (fatty acids, storage proteins and osidic composition of polysaccharides). Additional data regarding the potential rheological property of each accessions were also reported. These data can be reused by food industries, breeders and geneticists in order to understand pedoclimatic effects (year and location) and the relation between mustard seed composition and the end uses properties (paste mustard quality)

Effect of Cultivars, Environment, and Year on Agronomic Traits, Biochemical Composition of Major Constituents (Lipids, Proteins, and Polysaccharides), and Rheological Properties of Seeds in <i>Brassica juncea</i>

In order to provide varieties of Brassica juncea that meet agronomic and technological qualities, it is necessary to define criteria that are predictive of the quality of the finished product. The objective of our study is to characterize the macromolecular components of the mustard seed in order to identify the compositional profile responsible for the technological quality of mustard pastes. A collection of cultivars that maximizes genetic and technological diversity were grown on three plots and over two years. Our results showed (i) the impact of the genetic and pedoclimatic factors on seed macromolecular components and on rheological properties estimated by measuring the flow in a Bostwick consistometer, and (ii) the potential role of seed storage proteins and cell wall polysaccharides in the mustard paste consistency. Data analyses allow us to propose new criteria for evaluating the technological quality of seeds and to identify interesting genotypes as candidates for future breeding programs