A Comparison of Energy Profile between Castilla Leon, Spain and Aceh, Indonesia

A comparative study on energy production and consumption between Aceh, Indonesia and Castilla León, Spain has been conducted. Analysis was carried out on the statistical data such as population, GDP, energy production and energy consumption. Some interesting results were obtained. An average energy production during 2001 – 2004 in Aceh is up to 28 times of the average energy production in Castilla León; however, the average energy consumption during those four years is only 16.74% of the average energy consumption of Castilla León. Aceh's average GDP from 2001 to 2004 is 3,357.16 million Euros, stands at only 8.15% of Castilla León's average GDP about 41,175.75 million Euros.Keywords: economic growth, final energy consumption, GDP, primary energy productio

On the optimal selection and integration of batteries in dc grids through a mixed-integer quadratic convex formulation

This paper deals with the problem of the optimal selection and location of batteries in DC distribution grids by proposing a new mixed-integer convex model. The exact mixed-integer nonlin-ear model is transformed into a mixed-integer quadratic convex model (MIQC) by approximating the product among voltages in the power balance equations as a hyperplane. The most important characteristic of our proposal is that the MIQC formulations ensure the global optimum reaching via branch & bound methods and quadratic programming since each combination of the binary variables generates a node with a convex optimization subproblem. The formulation of the objective function is associated with the minimization of the energy losses for a daily operation scenario considering high renewable energy penetration. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed MIQC model to reach the global optimum of the optimization model when compared with the exact optimization model in a 21-node test feeder. All the validations are carried out in the GAMS optimization software.Fil: Serra, Federico Martin. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias. Laboratorio de Control Automático; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Montoya Giraldo, Oscar Danilo. Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas; Colombia. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar; ColombiaFil: Alvarado Barrios, Lázaro. Universidad Loyola Andalucia; EspañaFil: Álvarez Arroyo, Cesar. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Chamorro, Harold R.. Royal Institute of Technology; Sueci