Immobilized soybean hull peroxidase for the oxidation of phenolic compounds in coffee processing wastewater

AbstractChitosan beads were prepared, using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent for the immobilization of soybean hull peroxidase (SBP). The activity of free and immobilized SBP was studied. The optimum pH was 6.0 for both the free and immobilized enzyme; however, enzyme activity became more dependent on the temperature after immobilization. This study evaluated the potential use of immobilized and free enzyme in the oxidation of caffeic acid, of synthetic phenolic solution (SPS) and of total phenolic compounds in coffee processing wastewater (CPW). Some factors, such as reaction time, amount of H2O2 and caffeic acid were evaluated, in order to determine the optimum conditions for enzyme performance. Both enzymes showed a potential in the removal of caffeic acid, SPS and CPW, and immobilized SBP had the highest oxidation performance. The immobilized enzyme showed a potential of 50% in the oxidation of caffeic acid after 4 consecutive cycles

Inibição de enzimas digestivas por extratos de pó comercial de Hoodia gordonii utilizado no tratamento da obesidade

Ethnopharmacological evidence supporting the inhibitory effect of appetite and weight loss Hoodia gordonii (Apocynaceae) native to Africa and sold worldwide for the treatment of obesity. However, such effects have been demonstrated only by its active ingredient, the glycoside P57. There are no studies related to the presence of compounds such as enzyme inhibitors, in commercial samples of the plant, which may participate or even be responsible for the proposed effects. The objective of this study was to test the inhibition of digestive enzymes with commercial samples of H. gordonii powder (PHG). Analysis was performed, inhibition of the enzymes α-amylase, α and β-glycosidases, lipase and trypsin in the presence and absence of a simulated gastric fluid. Inhibitions were detected (expressed in units of enzyme inhibited, UEI) only the α and β glucosidases, with differences between samples. For α-glycosidase inhibition was greater in the presence (50.5 and 29.8) in the absence (10.4 and 16.7) of gastric fluid samples for HA and HB, respectively. As for β-glycosidase inhibition was not detected (25.5 and 12.9) in the absence of gastric fluid, for both samples. The results indicate that the samples PHG are only able to inhibit the digestive enzymes α and β glycosides in satisfactory levels according to the literature, especially for the first one. The presence of this inhibitory activity may therefore explain part of the slimming effect of the PHG, attributed so far only the action of the active glycoside P57. Despite the inhibition assays have shown the same answers qualitatively for the two samples, quantitative differences are found, raising questions about the standardization of commercial extracts.Evidências etnofarmacológicas sustentam o efeito inibidor do apetite e emagrecedor da Hoodia gordonii (Apocynaceae) nativa do continente africano e comercializada no mundo todo para o tratamento da obesidade. Porém, tais efeitos foram demonstrados apenas pelo seu princípio ativo, o glicosídeo P57. Não há estudos relacionados à presença de inibidores enzimáticos em amostras comerciais da planta, que podem participar ou mesmo serem responsáveis pelos efeitos propostos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar ensaios de inibição de enzimas digestivas com amostras comerciais do pó de H. gordonii (PHG). Foram realizadas análises de inibição das enzimas α-amilase, α e β-glicosidases, lipase e tripsina na presença e ausência de um fluído gástrico simulado. Foram detectadas inibições (expressas em unidades de enzima inibida, UEI) apenas das α e β glicosidases, com diferenças entre as amostras. Para α-glicosidase, a inibição foi maior na presença (50,5 e 29,8) que na ausência (10,4 e 16,7) do fluido gástrico para as amostras HA e HB, respectivamente. Já para β-glicosidase, a inibição só foi detectada (25,5 e 12,9) na ausência do fluído gástrico, para ambas as amostras. Os resultados indicam que as amostras de PHG são capazes de inibir somente as enzimas digestivas α e β-glicosidases, em níveis considerados satisfatórios segundo a literatura, especialmente para a primeira. A presença dessa atividade inibitória pode explicar, portanto, parte do efeito emagrecedor dos PHG, até então atribuído somente à ação do glicosídeo ativo P57. Apesar dos ensaios de inibição terem mostrado qualitativamente as mesmas respostas para as duas amostras, quantitativamente diferenças são encontradas, levantando questionamentos quanto à padronização dos extratos comerciais

Decolorization of the phthalocyanine dye reactive blue 21 by turnip peroxidase and assessment of its oxidation products

Peroxidases can be used in decolorization processes and the treatment of textiles effluents. This study evaluates the potential of the turnip peroxidase enzyme in the decolorization of the phthalocyanine textile dye Reactive Blue 21 (RB21). Some factors such as pH, the amount of H2O2 and the enzyme were evaluated in order to determine the optimum conditions for the enzyme performance. The reaction products formed during the decolorization of the RB21 dye were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry coupling (LC–ESI/MS). LC–ESI/MS analysis showed that the decolorization of the dye RB21 by turnip peroxidase is due to the breaking up of the chromatogenous system. The tests for toxicity towards lettuce seeds showed an increase of the toxicity after enzymatic treatment of the dye. This study verifies the viability of the use of the turnip peroxidase enzyme in the biodegradation of textile dyes.FAPEMIGCNPqCAPE

Inibição de enzimas digestivas por extratos de pó comercial de Hoodia gordonii utilizado no tratamento da obesidade

Ethnopharmacological evidence supporting the inhibitory effect of appetite and weight loss Hoodia gordonii (Apocynaceae) native to Africa and sold worldwide for the treatment of obesity. However, such effects have been demonstrated only by its active ingredient, the glycoside P57. There are no studies related to the presence of compounds such as enzyme inhibitors, in commercial samples of the plant, which may participate or even be responsible for the proposed effects. The objective of this study was to test the inhibition of digestive enzymes with commercial samples of H. gordonii powder (PHG). Analysis was performed, inhibition of the enzymes α-amylase, α and β-glycosidases, lipase and trypsin in the presence and absence of a simulated gastric fluid. Inhibitions were detected (expressed in units of enzyme inhibited, UEI) only the α and β glucosidases, with differences between samples. For α-glycosidase inhibition was greater in the presence (50.5 and 29.8) in the absence (10.4 and 16.7) of gastric fluid samples for HA and HB, respectively. As for β-glycosidase inhibition was not detected (25.5 and 12.9) in the absence of gastric fluid, for both samples. The results indicate that the samples PHG are only able to inhibit the digestive enzymes α and β glycosides in satisfactory levels according to the literature, especially for the first one. The presence of this inhibitory activity may therefore explain part of the slimming effect of the PHG, attributed so far only the action of the active glycoside P57. Despite the inhibition assays have shown the same answers qualitatively for the two samples, quantitative differences are found, raising questions about the standardization of commercial extracts.Evidências etnofarmacológicas sustentam o efeito inibidor do apetite e emagrecedor da Hoodia gordonii (Apocynaceae) nativa do continente africano e comercializada no mundo todo para o tratamento da obesidade. Porém, tais efeitos foram demonstrados apenas pelo seu princípio ativo, o glicosídeo P57. Não há estudos relacionados à presença de inibidores enzimáticos em amostras comerciais da planta, que podem participar ou mesmo serem responsáveis pelos efeitos propostos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar ensaios de inibição de enzimas digestivas com amostras comerciais do pó de H. gordonii (PHG). Foram realizadas análises de inibição das enzimas α-amilase, α e β-glicosidases, lipase e tripsina na presença e ausência de um fluído gástrico simulado. Foram detectadas inibições (expressas em unidades de enzima inibida, UEI) apenas das α e β glicosidases, com diferenças entre as amostras. Para α-glicosidase, a inibição foi maior na presença (50,5 e 29,8) que na ausência (10,4 e 16,7) do fluido gástrico para as amostras HA e HB, respectivamente. Já para β-glicosidase, a inibição só foi detectada (25,5 e 12,9) na ausência do fluído gástrico, para ambas as amostras. Os resultados indicam que as amostras de PHG são capazes de inibir somente as enzimas digestivas α e β-glicosidases, em níveis considerados satisfatórios segundo a literatura, especialmente para a primeira. A presença dessa atividade inibitória pode explicar, portanto, parte do efeito emagrecedor dos PHG, até então atribuído somente à ação do glicosídeo ativo P57. Apesar dos ensaios de inibição terem mostrado qualitativamente as mesmas respostas para as duas amostras, quantitativamente diferenças são encontradas, levantando questionamentos quanto à padronização dos extratos comerciais

Removal of the synthetic hormone methyltestosterone from aqueous solution using a β-cyclodextrin/silica composite

International audienc