THE VALUE OF DEEP LEARNING FOR LANDSCAPE REPRESENTATION COMPARISON BETWEEN SEGMENTATION IMAGES MAPS AND GIS

Abstract. Landscape refers to the qualities of a place, the result of a structural, territorial and environmental component, and the attribution of meanings, which is certainly the fundamental issue of the interpretative process. Percepire etymologically derives from "per", which means "by means of, through", and "capere", which translates as "to take", "to collect" (information, sensory data), "to learn". Since images are derived from the territory, it is of first interest to propose a comparison between representations derived from automated processes on photographs and the synthetic data interpreting the territory inherent in the plans developed with GIS in order to obtain a more precise perceptual analysis. The emergence of new tools for the processing and reproduction of data offers new opportunities for the knowledge and representation of the landscape, in architectural and urban contexts, and the integrative support that these processes can bring to the representation of the qualities of a place have to be reinterpreted in a Spatial Information Dataset in order to make synthetic and intelligible information. Identifying specific themes by questioning these data through criteria and placing at the centre the capacity of the digital environment in its mathematisation to compare data, transforming them into information, in an automated process is aimed at the exploitation of Big Data and the full replicability of the procedure. In this way, it is possible to enter into the analysis of the quality of space, of that notion of landscape concieved as "that part of the territory perceived by the population that lives it"

Studio delle potenzialità delle piattaforme UAV nel campo del rilievo dei Beni Culturali

L'uso di piattaforme aeree senza pilota a bordo (UAV) sta diventando sempre più frequente nel campo del rilievo fotogrammetrico soprattutto grazie ai numerosi vantaggi che tali sistemi presentano rispetto alle classiche riprese di fotogrammetria aerea. Il lavoro condotto descrive i primi risultati ottenuti utilizzando sistemi UAV per il rilievo di Beni Culturali. Lo studio è stato svolto acquisendo alcuni dataset relativi a siti archeologici; tali dataset presentano caratteristiche differenti in relazione ai velivoli utilizzati, alle caratteristiche dei voli ed all’estensione delle aree rilevate. Il lavoro ha permesso di eseguite delle prime valutazioni sulla precisione metrica degli orientamenti e sul livello di dettaglio ottenuto dai modelli 3D e dalle ortofoto

Tracce archeologiche di un terremoto tardo-antico nella Piana del Fucino (Italia centrale)

Il tempo di ricorrenza definito dalle indagini paleosismologiche sulle faglie dell’Appennino abruzzese è nell’ordine dei 1500-2500 anni. Pertanto, in caso di terremoto storico, di elevata magnitudo, relativamente recente (es. il terremoto del 1703 nell’Aquilano o quello del 1915 nella Marsica), l’evento sismico precedente potrebbe essere stato causato dalla stessa sorgente sismogenetica in un’epoca per cui si ha carenza di informazione storica ma abbondanza di fonti archeologiche. Per questo motivo, accanto alle ricerche paleosismologiche, tradizionalmente indirizzate alla definizione del comportamento sismogenetico di una faglia, fin dalla metà degli anni 90 furono avviate ricerche archeosismologiche, mirate all’identificazione di tracce di terremoti distruttivi su emergenze archeologiche, prevalentemente di età classica (Galadini e Galli, 1996). Gli studi archeosismologici nella regione abruzzese hanno consentito di acquisire finora informazioni sugli effetti di tre terremoti distruttivi, noti ai cataloghi sismici (es. Boschi et al., 1995), di cui due (II sec. d.C. e 484-508 d.C.) con epicentro nella regione e un altro (346 d.C.) originato in area limitrofa (Galadini e Galli, 2001; 2004). Nel 2004, l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia ha avviato una collaborazione con la Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell’Abruzzo su tematiche geoarcheologiche, sia in prospettiva paleoambientale che per una migliore comprensione degli effetti delle catastrofi naturali del passato su siti archeologici dell’area appenninica. In questo ambito, è stato possibile effettuare indagini in prospettiva archeosismologica durante le fasi di scavo in alcuni siti archeologici della Marsica e della Valle Subequana, come l’anfiteatro di San Benedetto dei Marsi, la villa produttiva di Avezzano-Macerine, il tempio di Castel di Ieri, il piazzale antistante il santuario di Ercole, gli edifici prospicienti la via del Miliario e l’area del Foro ad Alba Fucens. Nel caso dell’anfiteatro di San Benedetto dei Marsi, le evidenze della distruzione sismica vengono dal crollo sincrono delle grandi lastre di pietra che delimitavano il balteo, dalla rotazione di blocchi attorno all’asse verticale, dall’espulsione di angolata in uno degli ambienti prossimi all’ingresso nord della struttura, oltre che dai crolli di ampie parti dell’edificio. Nella villa produttiva di Avezzano, ai crolli di muri di costruzione tarda si accompagnano vistose tracce di combustione, su resti pressoché integri delle travature. Le unità di crollo furono rinvenute al di sopra del piano di calpestio che era ancora in uso al momento della distruzione. La subitaneità dell’evento è testimoniata dal reperimento di una notevole quantità di materiali nelle unità di crollo stesse, a testimonianza di un abbandono improvviso, senza asportazione degli oggetti di uso comune. Ad Alba Fucens, le evidenze della distruzione cosismica erano già note grazie alle pubblicazioni relative alle campagne di scavo soprattutto degli anni 50 e 60. Le fotografie di archivio mostrano i pilastri della cosiddetta Via dei Pilastri in posizione di crollo attraverso la strada, la statua dell’Ercole Epitrapezio in giacitura sul piano di calpestio del sacello, colonne in posizione di crollo con capitello ancora giustapposto

Analytic estimates and topological properties of the weak stability boundary

The weak stability boundary (WSB) is the transition region of the phase space where the change from gravitational escape to ballistic capture occurs. Studies on this complicated region of chaotic motion aim to investigate its unique, fuel saving properties to enlarge the frontiers of low energy transfers. This “fuzzy stability” region is characterized by highly sensitive motion, and any analysis of it has been carried out almost exclusively using numerical methods. On the contrary this paper presents, for the planar circular restricted 3 body problem (PCR3BP), 1) an analytic definition of the WSB which is coherent with the known algorithmic definitions; 2) a precise description of the topology of the WSB; 3) analytic estimates on the “stable region” (nearby the smaller primary) whose boundary is, by definition, the WSB

Eventi naturali distruttivi e storia degli abitati nel settore abruzzese dell’Appennino centrale

Nell’ambito della collaborazione tra l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia e la Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell’Abruzzo, durante gli scavi archeologici effettuati tra il 2006 e il 2007, sono state condotte delle indagini geoarcheologiche in prospettiva archeosismologica e paleoambientale per una migliore comprensione degli effetti di eventi naturali distruttivi del passato – principalmente terremoti e frane – su siti archeologici dell’area appenninica abruzzese. Tale indagine ha permesso di meglio definire, nell’area appenninica indagata, l’interazione tra storia dell’ambiente naturale ed evoluzione degli abitati antichi. In questo ambito, sono state eseguite indagini in alcuni siti archeologici del Bacino del Fucino e della Conca Subequana, nello specifico il Santuario di Angizia, la città di Alba Fucens e il tempio di Castel di Ieri. Le indagini condotte hanno dimostrato come eventi geologici di natura franoso-colluviale e sismica possano essere stati potenziali cause di distruzione e/o abbandono degli abitati antichi. I vincoli cronologici, acquisiti con l’analisi dei materiali ceramici, le determinazioni numismatiche, la rilettura critica dei rapporti di scavo dei passati decenni, e le datazioni radiometriche, hanno consentito di definire l’età dell’occorrenza dei vari eventi naturali riconosciuti

“Things Have Changed”—Laparoscopic Cytoreduction for Advanced and Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: The Experience of a Referral Center on 108 Patients

Objective: To report the feasibility of laparoscopic cytoreduction surgery for primary and recurrent ovarian cancer in a select group of patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients with FIGO stage IIIA-IV advanced ovarian cancer who underwent laparoscopic primary debulking surgery (PDS), interval debulking surgery (IDS), or secondary debulking surgery (SDS) between June 2008 and January 2020. The primary endpoint was achieving optimal cytoreduction, defined as residual tumor less than 1 cm. Secondary endpoints included evaluating surgical complications and long-term survival, assessed at three-month intervals during the initial two years and then every six months. Results: This study included a total of 108 patients, among whom, 40 underwent PDS, 44 underwent IDS, and 24 underwent SDS. Optimal cytoreduction rates were found to be 95.0%, 97.7%, and 95.8% for the PDS, ISD, and SDS groups, respectively. Early postoperative complications (<30 days from surgery) occurred in 19.2% of cases, with 7.4% of these cases requiring reintervention. One patient died following postoperative respiratory failure. Late postoperative complications (<30 days from surgery) occurred in 9.3% of cases, and they required surgical reintervention only in one case. After laparoscopic optimal cytoreduction with a median follow-up time of 25 months, the overall recurrence rates were 45.7%, 38.5%, and 39.3% for PDS, ISD, and SDS, respectively. The three-year overall survival rates were 84%, 66%, and 63%, respectively, while the three-year disease-free survival rates were 48%, 51%, and 71%, respectively. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cytoreduction surgery is feasible for advanced ovarian cancer in carefully selected patients, resulting in high rates of optimal cytoreduction, satisfactory peri-operative morbidity, and encouraging survival outcomes. Future studies should focus on establishing standardized selection criteria and conducting well-designed investigations to further refine patient selection and evaluate long-term outcomes

AN EXPERIMENT FOR ZSCAN EFFICIENCY IN SURFACE MONITORING

Several geophysical processes, involving crustal deformation, can be studied and monitored by means of the comparison of multitemporal Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and/or Digital Surface Models (DSM): deformation patterns, displacements, surface variations, volumes involved in mass movements and other physical features can be observed and quantified providing useful information on the geomorphological variations (Butler et al., 1998; Kaab and Funk, 1999; Mora et al., 2003; van Westen and Lulie Getahun, 2003; Pesci et al., 2004; Fabris and Pesci, 2005; Baldi et al., 2005; Pesci et al., 2007; Baldi et al., 2008). Many techniques, including GPS kinematic methodology (Beutler et al., 1995), digital aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry (Kraus, 1998), airborne and terrestrial laser scanning (Csatho et al., 2005), remote sensors on space-borne platforms, both optical and radar stereo option, satellite SAR interferometry (Fraser et al., 2002), are suitable surveying methods for the acquisition of precise and reliable 3D or 2.5D geoinformation. Actually, the technique to capture the evolution of a natural process, rapidly changing the terrain morphology of an area like a volcanic eruption or a rock mass collapse, taking a time of a few seconds or several hours (or more) is the digital photogrammetry. Scientific software exist to manage and process stereoscopic photogrammetric images, requiring professional operators but, recently, more friendly applications are developed to facilitate and make fast but efficient the analysis

Citizen science technologies and new opportunities for participation

Citizen science, the active participation of the public in scientific research projects, is a rapidly expanding field in open science and open innovation. It provides an integrated model of public knowledge production and engagement with science. As a growing worldwide phenomenon, it is invigorated by evolving new technologies that connect people easily and effectively with the scientific community. Catalysed by citizens’ wishes to be actively involved in scientific processes, as a result of recent societal trends, it also offers contributions to the rise in tertiary education. In addition, citizen science provides a valuable tool for citizens to play a more active role in sustainable development. This book identifies and explains the role of citizen science within innovation in science and society, and as a vibrant and productive science-policy interface. The scope of this volume is global, geared towards identifying solutions and lessons to be applied across science, practice and policy. The chapters consider the role of citizen science in the context of the wider agenda of open science and open innovation, and discuss progress towards responsible research and innovation, two of the most critical aspects of science today

Exploring mobility in Italian Neolithic and Copper Age communities

As a means for investigating human mobility during late the Neolithic to the Copper Age in central and southern Italy, this study presents a novel dataset of enamel oxygen and carbon isotope values (delta (18)Oca and delta (13)Cca) from the carbonate fraction of biogenic apatite for one hundred and twenty-six individual teeth coming from two Neolithic and eight Copper Age communities. The measured delta (18)Oca values suggest a significant role of local sources in the water inputs to the body water, whereas delta (13)Cca values indicate food resources, principally based on C-3 plants. Both delta (13)Cca and delta (18)Oca ranges vary substantially when samples are broken down into local populations. Statistically defined thresholds, accounting for intra-site variability, allow the identification of only a few outliers in the eight Copper Age communities, suggesting that sedentary lifestyle rather than extensive mobility characterized the investigated populations. This seems to be also typical of the two studied Neolithic communities. Overall, this research shows that the investigated periods in peninsular Italy differed in mobility pattern from the following Bronze Age communities from more northern areas